@article{ 
author = {Shahmohammadi, Fatemeh and Eghbali, Maryam and Shirani, Farimah and MirmohammadSadeghi, Mohse},  
title = {Using Mobile Phone Applications in Clinical Nursing Education for Care in the Open Heart Surgery ICUs}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: The use of applications for the purposes of medical care education has been of interest in recent years. However, there is no effective application for training personnel in the area of open heart post-operative care. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to design and evaluate an educational application for open heart post-operative care for nurses working in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Isfahan Medical Sciences Hospital. Methods: This research was an applied research and technology development study conducted in 2024. The research population consisted of all nurses working in the ICUs of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences who met the inclusion criteria. Sampling was performed using the census method. The smartphone-based application evaluation questionnaire, developed by Faradmal, was used. This study was conducted in four stages: assessment and analysis of user needs, design and preparation of educational content based on validated scientific texts and opinions of relevant professors, design of a smartphone-based application, implementation and evaluation of the application. The needs assessment was conducted in two groups, including nurses working in the ICUs of Chamran Hospital, with a sample size of 30 subjects and an expert panel of 10 individuals. After using the application for two weeks to one month, the application evaluation questionnaire was completed online by 52 nurses.  For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods were used to determine the mean score of the application in terms of usability in the dimensions of screen, terms and system information, learning, system capabilities, satisfaction, ease of learning, and ease of use. Results: The results of the needs assessment from the perspective of nurses and experts showed that hemodynamic monitoring and related care with a mean of 3.79 ± 1.30 was the highest priority, while the lowest priority with a mean of 2.80 ± 1.59 belonged to nursing registration in cardiac surgery ICU. The assessment of the smartphone-based care program for open heart surgery patients showed that ease of use and ease of learning were the most highly rated by users. The number, percentage, and total score of the ratings were divided into four categories of excellent, good, average, and poor. Conclusion: The results of the application evaluation indicated that developing an educational application for open heart postoperative care for nurses based on their educational needs can improve the skills of nurses and provide better quality care. Most nurses reported being satisfied with the mobile application. Therefore, based on these findings, the use of applications is suggested for nurses working in ICUs.},  
Keywords = {Nurses, Application, Smartphone-Based Application, Open Heart Surgery},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-10}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.1},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-788-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-788-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Borhanzehi, Sohila and Mazarzaei, Sayimeh and DehghanMehr, Sadegh},  
title = {Studying the Effect of the Care Bundle Approach on Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Scoping Review}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) are a persistent concern and occur more frequently in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Evidence indicates that the use of care bundles can prevent HAIs and their associated complications. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to evaluate the impact of care-bundle approaches on HAIs among critically ill patients in the ICU. Methods: This domain-focused scoping review assessed the effect of ICU care bundles on the prevention of HAIs employing the five-step Arksey & O'Malley framework. After formulating the research question, relevant articles were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID. Studies were imported into the RAYYAN software, and investigators independently screened titles and abstracts against predefined inclusion criteria. In total, 355 studies were identified. Results: Of these, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 15 evaluated the impact of care bundles on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), three assessed bundles for prevention of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs), three related to prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), one addressed prevention of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), and one study examined three bundles addressing VAP, CAUTI, and CRBSI. The majority of studies reported a positive effect of care bundles on preventing HAIs in ICU settings. Conclusion: Findings from this review indicate that bundle-based approaches are effective in preventing HAIs in ICU patients. Key factors associated with success include strict adherence to hand hygiene, faithful implementation and monitoring of care bundles, ongoing nurse education, and teamwork, which collectively contribute to reductions in HAIs, shorter hospital stays, and lower healthcare costs.},  
Keywords = {Care Bundles, Intensive Care Unit, Nosocomial Infection},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {11-22}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.11},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-797-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-797-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nasiryani, KHadijeh and Azizadini, Seyed Shahabadin and Zamani, Najme and Salmani, Ebrahim and Fazljoo, Seyede Elham},  
title = {Explaining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Angiography Sector from the Perspective of Healthcare Workers: A Qualitative Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: The Covid-19 pandemic has faced the world with a crisis in the health system, and the angiography sector has not been spared from these effects. Understanding the experiences and perceptions of staff in the angiography department aims to uncover and analyze the experiences, challenges, adapted strategies, and organizational implications in the angiography department during the pandemic to provide a deep understanding of the factors facilitating or limiting the provision of safe and efficient services in the face of future health crises. The present study aimed to explain the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the angiography department from the perspective of healthcare system staff. Methods: The current study was a qualitative type of contractual content analysis. Participants were purposively selected from cardiologists and other staff of the angiography department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. Data collection was conducted through eight semi-structured interviews until saturation was achieved. The average duration of each interview was approximately 28 minutes. Qualitative data analysis was performed based on the method proposed by Granheim and Landman using MAXQDA software version 2018. Results: Based on the qualitative analysis of the data, from the challenges created during the Covid-19 pandemic in the angiography department, seven subcategories and two main themes were extracted. The main theme of employee transformation, including the subclasses feeling of inconsistency in the appreciation of nursing services, less provision of protective equipment, dissatisfaction with the sudden change in the workplace and the main theme of patients and the path of change, including the subclasses, was the reduction of patients' visits for angiography, the complication of the hospitalization process for angiography, the change of the angiography process of Covid-19 patients and the increase in compliance with health protocols. Conclusion: This study, with in-depth qualitative analysis, showed that Covid-19 occurred with changes in the angiography department both internally and in human experiences (staff and patients). Furthermore, it significantly affected internal processes and interactions. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare centers prepare for future crises based on evidence and experiences from the Covid-19 pandemic.},  
Keywords = {Covid-19, Angiography, Health Workers, Challenges, Experiences.},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {23-32}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.23},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-813-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-813-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sadoughi, Fatemeh and Shareinia, Habib and SadeghMoghadamAbbaspour, Leila and Gholamzadeh, Maliheh and Mansoorian, Mohammadrez},  
title = {The Effect of Structured Hope-Based Training on Hope and Anxiety among Family Members of Mechanically Ventilated Patients: 
A Semi- Experimental Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Anxiety is one of the most common responses among family members of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), affecting their ability to provide support. Hope, as a key coping resource, can play an effective role in reducing anxiety. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of structured hope-building training on hope and anxiety among relatives of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 family members of patients admitted to the ICU were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received structured hope-building training based on Snyder’s Hope Therapy protocol, delivered face-to-face in groups of 6–12 participants, for 60–90 minutes per session, every other day over the course of one week. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and the Miller Hope Scale, administered once before the intervention and once one week after. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 with paired t-tests and independent t-tests. Results: Paired t-test results indicated that in the intervention group, both state and trait anxiety significantly decreased, while hope significantly increased (P<0.001). In the control group, significant reductions in state and trait anxiety were also observed, accompanied by a decrease in hope (P<0.001). Independent t-test results showed that the mean trait anxiety in the intervention group (41.33 ± 8.34) was significantly lower than in the control group (47.58 ± 8.27; P = 0.004). The mean hope score in the intervention group (112.25 ± 25.25) was significantly higher than in the control group (95.93 ± 25.96; P = 0.016). No significant difference in state anxiety was observed between the two groups (P = 0.405). Conclusion: Structured hope-based training led to a reduction in anxiety and an increase in hope among relatives of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and it may be considered as a complementary approach in nursing care.},  
Keywords = {Education, Hope, Anxiety, Relatives, Mechanical Ventilation},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {33-42}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.33},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-823-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-823-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alipoor, Mina and Khodabandeh, Sedigheh and Tajadini, Maryam and ShakeriGoki, Mohamad Hossie},  
title = {The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Patient Safety: Perspectives and Challenges in the Operating Room: A Scoping Review}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: The operating room is one of the most critical environments in healthcare, where even minor errors can have severe consequences for patients. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as an innovative tool for enhancing patient safety by reducing medical errors and improving surgical outcomes. This review explores the role of AI in increasing patient safety in the operating room. Methods: This study was a scoping review based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework, incorporating modifications. A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Findings indicate that AI contributes to patient safety by minimizing surgical errors, improving clinical decision-making, reducing surgical team fatigue, preventing retained surgical instruments, and managing medical errors. AI-driven technologies, such as machine learning, computer vision, and robotic-assisted surgery, enhance procedural accuracy and decision-making efficiency. Conclusion: AI holds significant potential in improving patient safety in surgery. However, widespread adoption requires robust infrastructure, clear regulatory guidelines, and targeted training for healthcare professionals to address existing challenges.},  
Keywords = {Artificial Intelligence, Patient Safety, Surgery, Operating Room, Medical Errors},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {43-52}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.43},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-826-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-826-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khalili, Zahra and Cheraghi, Fatemeh and Oshvandi, Khodayar and Borzou, Seyed Rez},  
title = {The Application of Roy\'s Adaptation Model in the Care of a Patient with Mechanical Valve: A Case Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Patients with mechanical heart valves are required to receive lifelong anticoagulation. To standardize care, nurses can use nursing models to increase patient compliance. The aim of this study was to apply the Roy adaptation model to the care of a patient with a mechanical heart valve. Methods: This case study was conducted with the participation of a patient with a mechanical heart valve hospitalized at Farshchian Heart Hospital in Hamadan for three months in 2024. Data were collected using observation, interview, and patient file documentation and were examined in four dimensions based on the stages of the Roy nursing process. Results: The results showed that the patient had maladaptive behaviors in physiological dimensions, self-perception, role performance, independence, and dependence, and that after providing nursing care based on the Roy adaptation model, the patient's adaptive behaviors increased. Conclusion: Implementing a nursing care program based on the adaptation model can be effective in patients' adaptation to mechanical heart valve replacement. Accordingly, the use of this model is recommended for nurses.},  
Keywords = {Nursing Model, Patients, Nursing Process},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {53-58}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.53},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-821-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-821-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abedin, Maedeh and Aboutalebi, 4-	Mohammad sadegh and Tarrahi, Mohammad Javad and Ghaffari, Somayeh},  
title = {The Investigation and Comparison of Two Tools, Wells and Caprini, in Predicting the Occurrence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Hospitalized in Critical Care Units: A Cross Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Today, Wells criteria are most often used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism in the clinic, but there are other methods to assess this risk, one of which is the Caprini criteria. Considering the importance of the role and position of nursing in assessing the risk of venous thromboembolism, and the need to use different criteria to predict the likelihood of venous thromboembolism, and due to the lack of studies on the clinical comparison of these criteria, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the two criteria of Wells and Caprini in the incidence of venous thromboembolism. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on 420 patients hospitalized in affiliated to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Convenience sampling was conducted in such a way that, based on the inclusion criteria, the sampling continued until the desired sample size was reached. Inclusion criteria included a definitive diagnosis of venous thromboembolism by a physician based on history, physical examination, and two gold standards of embolism protocol CT scan and Doppler ultrasound, and age over 18 years. Data collection was done using Information forms designed by the researcher according to the variables information forms. The researcher, referring to the patient's file, calculated and measured the two criteria of Wells and Caprini of the patient in the Intensive Care Unit and finally examined the sensitivity and specificity of these two criteria in predicting the incidence of venous thromboembolism during the hospitalization of patients in order to achieve a more accurate criterion for determining and predicting venous thromboembolism in patients. Data analysis was performed using the t-test and chi-square test. Quantitative data were presented as mean standard deviation, and qualitative data were presented as frequency and percentage. To evaluate and compare the best sensitivity and specificity, the relevant formulas and ROC curves were used. McNemar’s test was applied to compare sensitivity and specificity. Results: A total of 420 patient records were reviewed, of which 247 patients had venous thromboembolism and 173 patients did not. The samples were divided into two groups based on disease status, and the variables of interest were extracted and compared between the two groups. Based on the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean age, mean Body Mass Index (BMI), and mean number of days hospitalized before ICU admission. However, there were significant differences in other demographic variables such as gender (P=0.035), reason for hospitalization (P=0.002), and mobility status (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity and specificity of the Wells and Caprini tools for predicting VTE occurrence. That is, based on the statistical analysis, the difference in the diagnostic accuracy between these two tools was so small that cannot be considered a true or reliable difference. Conclusion: Comparing these tools can help address numerous challenges in clinical practice, such as selecting the appropriate model for a specific type of patient or situation. In other words, the comparison can reveal which subgroups (e.g., internal medicine, surgical, or emergency patients) each model performs better for. Another challenge may be the predictive accuracy of the tool; one of the main concerns in predictive models is the ability to distinguish high-risk patients from low-risk ones. By comparing the two models, it is possible to determine which model has better sensitivity in the target population. Such a comparison can simplify clinical application, as models with numerous parameters or difficult-to-measure variables may have limited practical use. Both the Wells and the Caprini tools perform similarly in the diagnosis and prediction of venous thromboembolism, and no statistically significant difference in their diagnostic accuracy was observed. This issue can be used in clinical decision-making to select the appropriate tool, based on other criteria (such as ease of use, cost, or time required for assessment).},  
Keywords = {Wells Criteria, Caprini Criteria, Venous Thromboembolism, Intensive Care Units},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {59-66}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.59},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-815-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-815-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {BastanPira, Maryam and GhanbariZarandi, Zahra and Kikha, Alireza and MohammadiSoleimani, Mohammadreza and Ali-Soufi, Elah-Nazar and Sanjari, Shahrz},  
title = {Validation of the Academic Self-Regulation Scale in a Blended Learning Environment: A Cross Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: With the expansion of blended learning in medical education and the Ministry of Health’s requirement to conduct some classes virtually, academic self-regulation skills have gained increasing importance. This study aimed to examine the factor structure and reliability of the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire among nursing and midwifery students in southeastern Iran. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study with a psychometric approach was conducted during the 2024–2025 academic year. The target population consisted of nursing and midwifery students from the universities of medical sciences in Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. A total of 1,040 students were included in four groups: 150 for concurrent validity, 500 for exploratory factor analysis, 250 for confirmatory factor analysis, and 150 for test–retest reliability. The main instrument was the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire by Akhtar, and for concurrent validity, the Gomez self-regulation questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was culturally adapted using forward–backward translation, and content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, Cronbach’s alpha, and test–retest reliability were confirmed. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman–Brown coefficient, and test–retest reliability. Results: Content validity was confirmed by experts, with the Content Validity Ratio ranging from 0.80 to 1.0 and the Content Validity Index between 0.83 and 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis extracted five main factors, explaining 61.33% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit for the five-factor model. The correlation between the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire and Gomez’s questionnaire was 0.76, demonstrating acceptable concurrent validity (P<0.01). Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.92 and ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 across dimensions. Additionally, both the Spearman–Brown coefficient and test–retest reliability was satisfactory (≥0.70), indicating stable reliability. Conclusion: The validated Academic Self-Regulation Scale demonstrates a stable factor structure and satisfactory reliability among nursing and midwifery students in southeastern Iran, and it is recommended for assessing academic self-regulation in blended learning environments.},  
Keywords = {Self-regulation, Students, Factor analysis, Questionnaire, Iran},
volume = {18},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {67-77}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.1.67},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-816-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-816-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MansoorSamaei, Fatemeh and Asgari, Parvaneh},  
title = {Humanistic Care in the Intensive Care Unit: An Approach Beyond Clinical Care in the Age of Technology}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: The intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the most complex and sensitive areas of the health system, with the most complex patients; patients who are hospitalized in this unit encounter numerous mental and physical stresses. In recent years, despite an increase in inpatient survival rates within the ICU, some human dimensions of care have been neglected. The care process has changed over time and evolved into humanistic care, which considers all dimensions of care and all stakeholders in the care process. In an era where new technologies and the complexity of clinical care are rapidly expanding, preserving and strengthening human values in nursing care is more essential than ever; the aim of this study is to introduce a model and framework for providing humanistic care in the (ICU) in the current technological era. Methods: One of the most comprehensive models for humanistic care in the ICU is the HU-CI model, which has seven dimensions. These dimensions include "Open-door ICU", "Effective Communication", "Patient Well-being", "Caring for professionals", "Post-intensive care unit syndrome (PICS)", "End-of-life care" and "Humanized infrastructure in ICU". Results: By integrating scientific knowledge and human values, the present model emphasizes principles such as compassion, effective communication and care of the treatment team, and its implementation increases patient and family satisfaction, improves clinical outcomes, enhances quality of care, team cohesion and promotes the nursing profession. Conclusion: HU-CI model, by considering human-centered infrastructures, aims to balance and integrate advanced technologies and human values, and to align care with the technological age. This model, with its emphasis on human-centeredness, empathy, and meaningful care, provides a valuable framework for transformation in critical care and can offer a new perspective on the path of nursing professional development and on meeting the human needs of patients in critical situations.},  
Keywords = {Humanistic Care, Intensive Care, Technology, Modern Nursing, HU-CI},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-4}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.1},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-830-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-830-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {moghise, Akram and -	Teimourpour, Amir and Jadid-Milani, Maryam},  
title = {The Role of resilience in Predicting the Spiritual Intelligence of ICU Nurses in Hospitals Affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Nurses working in intensive care units face psychological pressures, difficult ethical decision-making, and numerous critical situations that may predispose them to reduced resilience. Among internal resources, spiritual intelligence can play an important role in enhancing nurses’ adaptability. This study aimed to determine the predictive role of resilience in spiritual intelligence among nurses working in intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2024. Methods: This descriptive-analytical correlational study was conducted on 223 ICU nurses working in the intensive care units of six selected hospitals in Tehran, chosen using a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection tools included Abdullahzadeh’s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (29 items) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (25 items). The validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software. Results: Findings showed that the mean of spiritual intelligence, and resilience were 123.43 ± 21.426, 80.84 ± 18.165, respectively. Among most nurses, levels of spiritual intelligence and resilience were high. A significant positive correlation was observed between spiritual intelligence and resilience (r = 0.744, P = 0.001). Approximately 55% of the variance in spiritual intelligence among intensive care nurses was explained by occupational resilience. Moreover, for each one-unit increase in resilience, spiritual intelligence increased by 0.774 units (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the protective role of spiritual intelligence, designing and implementing educational programs and workshops to enhance spirituality in nursing settings can improve nurses’ mental health and enhance the quality of patient care.},  
Keywords = {Spiritual Intelligence, Resilience, Nurse, Intensive Care Unit},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {5-15}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.5},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-817-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-817-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KataniNajafabadi, Mohammad Javad and Azarbarzin, Mehrdad and Moghimian, Maryam},  
title = {Investigation of the Effect of Music Therapy on Stress, Anxiety, and Physiological Indicators of Patients in the Cardiac Care Unit: A Semi-Experimental Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Patients with acute cardiac problems experience stress and anxiety due to being in the cardiac care unit environment and concerns about their health and future, as well as not having a companion, which also affects their physiological indicators. Music therapy, due to its calming and non-invasive nature, can help address these issues along with other nursing care. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of music therapy on stress, anxiety, and physiological indicators of patients in the cardiac care unit of Montazeri Hospital, Najafabad, in 1403. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental two-group before and after method. 40 patients hospitalized in the cardiac care unit of Montazeri Hospital in Najafabad, who were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The intervention group listened to music for 15 minutes each day for three consecutive days. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaires, Spielberger Anxiety, Cohen's Perceived Stress, and a researcher-made checklist of physiological indicators, which were completed before and after the study. The physiological indicators of all study participants were measured before the intervention and 10 minutes after the intervention. Results: The mean anxiety score in the intervention and control groups before the study was 2.31 ± 0.34 and 2.40 ± 0.37, respectively, which was not significantly different (P = 0.46). But after the study, it reached 1.23 ± 0.12 and 2.44 ± 0.34, which was significantly different in the intervention group compared to before (P = 0.04). The mean stress score in the intervention and control groups before the study was 2.25 ± 0.53 and 2.28 ± 0.61, respectively, which was not significantly different (P = 0.84). But after the study, it reached 1.68 ± 0.24 and 2.31 ± 0.59, which was significantly different in the intervention group compared to before (P<0.001). Also, this mean difference between the intervention and control groups was also significant (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the changes in physiological indices before the study in the two groups (P<0.05). But after the intervention, all indicators were significant in the intervention group at all times compared to before (P<0.001). This difference was also significant in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Music therapy in patients hospitalized in the cardiac care unit can be used as an effective complementary intervention in reducing anxiety, stress, and regulating some physiological indicators.},  
Keywords = {Cardiac Patients, Music Therapy, Stress, Anxiety, Physiological Indicators, Cardiac Care Unit.},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {16-26}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.15},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-836-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-836-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bahramnezhad, Fatemeh and Shomalinasab, Esmat and Asadi, Zahra and ShiriKahnouee, Mahmoud and Bahramnezhad, Fatemeh},  
title = {The Effect of VR-Based Games in Reducing Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery: A Clinical Trial Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Reconstructive surgeries are an effective treatment for cardiovascular diseases, which are recognized as the leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, such procedures are often accompanied by complications such as pain, anxiety, and infections, which significantly impact patients' quality of life. In recent years, emerging technologies like virtual reality (VR) have garnered attention as effective strategies for reducing pain and anxiety, offering a non-pharmacological alternative to excessive use of analgesic medications and their side effects. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of VR-based games in reducing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Methods: This parallel clinical trial was conducted in 2024 on 90 patients who underwent open-heart surgery in the intensive care unit of Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned using block randomization into intervention and control groups. The intervention involved a VR-based game designed in collaboration with software and psychology experts, in which patients used a VR headset to experience natural landscapes and interactively build a snowman. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, and a physiological parameters checklist. Pain and anxiety levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the mean pain intensity in the intervention group decreased from 8.1 to 4.3, which was statistically highly significant (P<0.001, effect size = -5.74); whereas no significant change was observed in the control group (from 7.9 to 7.6, P = 0.37). Similarly, the anxiety level in the intervention group showed a marked reduction (from 60.2 to 44.8, P<0.001, effect size = -6.38), while no significant difference was found in the control group (P = 0.11). In addition, physiological parameters, including heart rate (P<0.001), blood pressure (P = 0.005), respiratory rate (P<0.01), and oxygen saturation (P<0.01), showed significant improvement in the intervention group after the intervention, whereas no noticeable changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion: These findings confirm the notable effectiveness of virtual reality as a non-pharmacological method for managing pain and anxiety after cardiac surgery. Accordingly, the use of VR may be considered a cost-effective, safe, and impactful intervention in the postoperative care programs of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.},  
Keywords = {Game Therapy, Virtual Reality, Pain, Anxiety, Open-Heart Surgery},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {27-37}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.25},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-828-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-828-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Falahati, Hashem and Mohammadi, Mohammad Mehdi and Salari, Nader and VaisiRaygani, Ali Akbar},  
title = {The Relationship Between Dark Personality Traits and Organizational Commitment in Pre- Hospital Emergency Operational Staff: A Cross Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Dark personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), as a set of undesirable personality characteristics, can potentially affect individuals' level of adherence and attachment to their organization. On the other hand, organizational commitment is a key factor in maintaining motivation, reducing absenteeism, and improving employee performance. Understanding this relationship is particularly important in critical professions such as emergency medical services. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between dark personality traits and organizational commitment among the operational staff of pre-hospital emergency services in Kermanshah province in 2024. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 394 operational staff members of pre-hospital emergency services in Kermanshah province, using a convenience sampling method with proportional allocation. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the 12-item Dark Triad Personality questionnaire (Johnson et al.), and the Allen and Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 25. Results: The mean total score for organizational commitment was 70 ± 9.9, and for dark personality traits, it was 25.1 ± 7.7 No statistically significant relationship was observed between the total score of dark personality traits and the total score of organizational commitment (r = 0.086, P>0.05). However, there was a direct and significant relationship between the total score of dark personality traits and the affective commitment subscale (r = 0.174, P<0.05). Additionally, the narcissism subscale showed a positive and significant relationship with normative commitment (r = 0.129, P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate a complex and multifaceted relationship between dark personality traits and the various dimensions of organizational commitment among emergency staff. Although these traits are not associated with overall organizational commitment, they may be positively related to certain dimensions, such as affective and normative commitment, through self-serving motives or the need for approval. These results emphasize the importance of a deeper understanding of personality traits in recruitment and human resource management processes within healthcare organizations.},  
Keywords = {Dark Personality Traits, Psychopathy, Organizational Commitment, Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Staff, Pre-hospital Emergency},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {38-47}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.35},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-838-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-838-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abdorrashidi, Mahdi and Eisazadeh, Sobhan and Ashrafizadeh, Hadis and Salesi, Mahmood and Barasteh, Salman and Rassouli, Maryam and Mollahadi, Mohse},  
title = {Factors Related to Death Literacy among Iranian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Medical science students, due to the nature of their field of study and educational environment, encounter death-related situations more frequently than other students. Therefore, possessing a higher level of knowledge and skills related to death- known as “death literacy”- can help them reflect on death and play a more effective role in accessing, understanding, and making informed decisions about death and end-of-life care options. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to identify factors associated with death literacy among Iranian medical students in 2024. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2024 on 440 medical science students in Tehran. Convenience sampling was performed using an online questionnaire. The research instruments included a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Death Literacy Index, which was translated into Persian using the forward–backward translation method. Before the study began, the research objectives and procedures were explained to participants, and questionnaires were completed confidentially after obtaining informed consent. Independent t-tests and hierarchical regression analysis were used to examine factors influencing death literacy. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for all tests. Results: A total of 440 medical science students with a mean age of 22.79 ± 4.25 years participated in the study. Independent t-test results indicated that six factors were significantly associated with death literacy: males had higher death literacy scores than females (P = 0.002); Persian ethnicity had lower death literacy compared to other ethnicities (P = 0.02); caring for a family member for more than three months was associated with higher death literacy (P<0.001); greater interaction with neighbors (P<0.001), positive evaluation of religious beliefs (P<0.001), and having someone trustworthy to seek help from (P = 0.04) were also associated with higher death literacy. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the final model explained 11.9% of the variance in death literacy (F = 8.88, P<0.001), and gender (P = 0.03), religious beliefs (P = 0.04), caregiving experience for a family member (P<0.001), interaction with neighbors (P<0.001), and having someone to receive help from (P = 0.02) remained significant predictors. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the level of death literacy among medical science students is influenced by a combination of individual and social factors. The results indicated that gender, religious beliefs, long-term caregiving experience, social interaction with neighbors, and having a trusted person to seek help from are the most important predictors of death literacy. Given the role of these factors, designing educational and supportive interventions that incorporate practical experiences, strengthen social connections, and address cultural and religious dimensions may improve death literacy among students. These findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to teaching topics related to death and end-of-life care.},  
Keywords = {Death, Death Literacy, Mortality, Palliative Care, End of Life, Attitude to Death, Hospice},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {48-57}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.44},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-848-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-848-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sarlak, Sepideh and Fallah, Bahareh and Bakhsi, Fatemeh and Safazadeh, Shima and Javadi, Mostaf},  
title = {Investigating the Impact of Implementing SBAR Guidelines on Handover Satisfaction and Patient Safety Culture in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Clinical handover in the form of a standard delivery guide improves teamwork, increases patient safety, and the quality of nursing care. The SBAR method provides an organized method of information transfer that, in addition to improving communication methods, can also affect patient care outcomes. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the implementation of modified SBAR guidelines on handover satisfaction and safety culture among nurses working in the special care units of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan. Methods: This Quasi-experimental single-group research was conducted on 59 nurses working in four ICU departments. After obtaining informed consent, the satisfaction questionnaire for patient handover and the patient safety culture questionnaire were given. Then, the SBAR form prepared by the research team was provided to the nurses. The nurses were taught how to complete the forms both in the form of an educational video and in person. Meetings to exchange opinions and solve possible problems were held once a week in each department for four weeks. Then the study questionnaires were completed again by the nurses. Results: The satisfaction with the handover of patients increased after the intervention (44.64 ± 6.24) compared to before the intervention (48.38 ± 4.53), and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Based on the t-pair statistical test, the safety culture increased after the intervention compared to before the intervention, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Conclusion: Considering the increase in nurses' satisfaction with handover based on the ISBAR form, it is suggested that this method, which is standard and simple, be used in special care units.},  
Keywords = {SBAR Method, Shift Handover, Satisfaction with Handover, Patient Safety, Nurses' Satisfaction with Handover},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {58-67}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.57},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-784-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-784-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rashid, Khosro and Karimi, Kambiz and Reshadian, Mi},  
title = {The Effect of Lullaby Vocalization on Physiological Indices of One-Day-Old Full-Term Neonates}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Lullabies, as an auditory stimulus in the neonatal environment, may have specific effects on infants' physiological responses. This study aimed to compare the impact of lullabies in three languages Turkish, Persian, and Mazandarani on the heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) of one-day-old full-term neonates whose mother tongue was Turkish. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025 on 40 one-day-old full-term neonates with Turkish as their mother tongue at Atiyeh Hospital in Hamadan. Participants were randomly assigned via simple randomization into four groups (three intervention groups and one control group). Lullabies in three languages Turkish, Persian, and Mazandarani were played for the infants in the intervention groups for 10 minutes, during which their heart rate and respiratory rate were measured and recorded using standardized monitoring devices calibrated in accordance with ISO 80601-2-61. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: After ensuring the fulfillment of statistical assumptions, MANOVA revealed that lullaby vocalizations significantly affected the neonates' HR and RR. Specifically, lullabies increased HR (P < 0.01) and decreased RR (P < 0.05) compared to the control group (HR: M = 121.79 ± 2.99 bpm; RR: M = 45.46 ± 1.79 breaths/min). The Turkish lullaby had the most pronounced effect on physiological responses (HR: M = 138.04 ± 2.99 bpm; RR: M = 38.27 ± 1.69 breaths/min). Effect size analysis indicated that the Turkish lullaby had the largest effect on HR (η² = 0.345) and RR (η² = 0.198). Conclusion: The findings suggest that lullabies in the mother tongue may help regulate neonates' physiological parameters. Despite limitations such as sample size and use of recorded lullabies, this low-cost intervention shows potential for implementation in neonatal care units.},  
Keywords = {Lullaby, Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, Mother Tongue, Neonatal Nursing Care, Full-Term Neonates},
volume = {18},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {68-77}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.2.67},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-824-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-824-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alipoor, Mina and Nematollahi, Monirehsadat and Moayedi, Somayeh and Beigmoradi, Samira and Noori, Bahar},  
title = {Death Acceptance in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Concept Analysis Using Walker and Avant’s Method: A Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Repeated exposure to patient death in intensive care units (ICUs) places nurses under considerable psychological, emotional, and ethical stress. Death acceptance, as a psychological and spiritual process, plays a crucial role in enhancing nurses’ professional performance and well-being. However, a clear, structured understanding of this concept-particularly within the Iranian cultural context-is lacking. This study aimed to conceptually clarify death acceptance among ICU nurses using Walker and Avant’s method. Methods: This study employed a concept analysis based on Walker and Avant’s systematic eight-step method. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Magiran, covering the period from 2000 to 2024. To ensure data relevance and quality, only articles addressing the concept of death acceptance among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, published in Persian or English and with full-text availability, were included. Following the initial screening process, 40 eligible articles were selected for this analysis. Data were systematically extracted and examined according to the steps outlined by Walker and Avant. Results: The core attributes of death acceptance included awareness of death as a natural phenomenon, emotional regulation, and professional engagement with dying patients. Antecedents comprised ICU experience, formal end-of-life care training, and cultural and religious beliefs. Consequences included improved care quality, reduced burnout, and enhanced empathy. Conclusion: Death acceptance in ICU nurses is a multidimensional concept shaped by individual, cultural, and organizational factors. Clarifying this concept can inform educational and psychosocial interventions to strengthen nurse’s resilience and end-of-life care quality.},  
Keywords = {Death Acceptance, ICU Nurses, Concept Analysis, End-of-Life Care, Walker and Avant Method},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.1},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-829-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-829-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mashhadi, Seyedehsadat and Bagheri, Niloofar and Nayebi, Ne},  
title = {Case Report of a Patient Presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction with De Winter T-Wave Pattern}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: The De Winter ECG pattern is considered equivalent to acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and requires immediate intervention. This   pattern may be misidentified because of the absence of classic ST-segment elevation. Case Report: A 60-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and   prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) presented to the emergency department with chest pain. Initial ECG showed up sloping ST-segment depression with tall, symmetrical positive T waves in the anterior leads (V2-V6) and 1 mm ST elevation in lead AVR, consistent with De Winter's pattern. Immediate angiography confirmed acute thrombotic occlusion in the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery, and the patient underwent primary PCI successfully. Conclusion: Rapid identification of the De Winter pattern is critical to avoid treatment delays and improve outcomes in patients with acute LAD occlusion. This pattern should be considered equivalent to STEMI and should be treated immediately with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).},  
Keywords = {Myocardial Infarction, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Electrocardiography, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMl), Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Coronary Occlusion, Diagnosis-Early},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.12},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-843-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-843-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bahramnezhad, Fatemeh and Alizadeh, Ali and Hassanzadeh, Negar and Hassanzadeh, GolamRezz},  
title = {Cardiac Patients’ Experiences with a Drug-Drug Interaction Application: A Qualitative Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Patient safety, as one of the key pillars of quality care, plays a vital role in reducing medication errors and drug interactions, particularly among cardiac patients who are at high risk for adverse drug events. Despite the importance of this issue, patients’ experiences and the practical considerations involved in using drug interaction software in intensive care settings have not been fully explored. This qualitative study explores the experiences of cardiac patients who used such software, aiming to identify educational and clinical dimensions, challenges, and strategies to enhance medication safety and care quality. Methods: This qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach and was conducted with cardiac patients hospitalized in cardiac intensive care units and post–open-heart surgery units who had experience using drug interaction software. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis based on the steps proposed by Lundman and Graneheim (2004). The trustworthiness of the findings was ensured using Guba and Lincoln’s (1982) criteria, including credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. Results: Cardiac patients’ experiences with drug interaction software were categorized into four main themes. The first theme, software usability, included ease of use and response speed. Patients emphasized the simple and understandable interface, rapid performance without the need for complex training, and timely alerts, although occasional delays and the need for minor interface improvements were noted. The second theme, increased awareness and education, included improved understanding of medications and guidance on appropriate medication use. The software enhanced patients’ knowledge of medications and potential interactions and provided reminders about timing and correct use, although some reminders were repetitive or poorly aligned with patients' needs. The third theme, clinical and therapeutic effects, included improved medication management, treatment confidence, and interaction with the care team. Patients reported reduced side effects, more precise medication adjustments, increased confidence in their medication regimen and physician, and better coordination with healthcare providers. However, some alerts generated anxiety or uncertainty in decision-making. The fourth theme, limitations and challenges, included technical issues, communication problems, incomplete drug databases, and psychological and behavioral challenges. Patients reported problems such as software freezing, failure to save information, device incompatibility, insufficient drug data, and complex or ambiguous warning messages, which sometimes led to confusion and anxiety. Conclusion: The experiences of cardiac patients indicate that drug interaction software can enhance medication safety and patient empowerment through ease of use, fast response, improved drug knowledge, and increased treatment confidence. However, technical problems, content limitations, and complex messages may hinder its effective use. Therefore, user-centered design, interface improvement, targeted training, and continuous support are essential to increase software effectiveness and improve the patient experience. These findings suggest that integrating technology with educational strategies represents a practical approach to improving medication safety and management in cardiac patients.},  
Keywords = {Drug Interactions, Polypharmacy, Heart Disease, Qualitative Research},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.18},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-834-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-834-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mikaeili, Leila and AliMohammadzadeh, Khalil and Bahadori, Mohammad Karim},  
title = {Factors Affecting Readmission in Kidney Transplant Patients Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Case Study at Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Readmission of kidney transplant patients is one of the major challenges facing health systems, as it is associated with increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting readmission of kidney transplant patients during 2023–2024 at Farhikhtegan Hospital. Methods: This sequential mixed-methods study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase, a scoping review was conducted to identify influencing factors, based on which an initial conceptual model was developed. In the quantitative phase, a survey-analytical study was carried out using convenience sampling among 150 kidney transplant patients. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire derived from the literature. Face and content validity were confirmed by experts, and reliability was verified by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. Results: The findings showed that four categories of factors-medical, individual, socioeconomic, and psychological- significantly influenced patient readmission. Medical factors had the greatest impact, with a path coefficient of 0.663. Individual (0.372), socioeconomic (0.261), and psychological (0.170) factors also had significant effects. Conclusion: The results emphasize the need for a multilevel and multifactorial approach to reduce readmission rates among kidney transplant patients. In addition to medical care, attention to   psychological, and social aspects can contribute to improved clinical outcomes and reduced healthcare system costs.},  
Keywords = {Readmission, Kidney Transplant Patients, Structural Equation Modeling},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.35},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-862-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-862-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shirvani, Hossein and Iranmanesh, Hesam and Arabzadeh, Ehs},  
title = {The Effect of Single-Task and Dual-Task Balance Training on Balance, Cognitive Performance, and Fear of Falling in COVID-Recovered Older Adults Retired from the Armed Forces}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of single-task and dual-task balance training on balance, cognitive performance, and fear of falling in COVID 19-recovered older adults retired from the armed forces. The study population included men aged 60 to 80 years residing in Kerman province during 2023–2024, of whom 45 were consecutively selected and randomly assigned to three groups: single-task training, dual-task training, and control. The training program was conducted over 4 weeks, with three 45-minute sessions per week. Outcome measures comprised the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Serial Reaction Time Test (SRTT), and the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES-I). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) followed by Scheffé post-hoc tests. Results: Results indicated that both training programs significantly improved balance and cognitive performance, and reduced fear of falling compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the dual-task training group showed greater improvements than the single-task group in walking speed under dual-task conditions, serial reaction time, and reduction of fear of falling (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two training groups in BBS scores (P>0.05). Balance training-particularly with the dual-task approach-can serve as an effective strategy to enhance motor and cognitive performance and reduce fear of falling in COVID 19-recovered older adults.},  
Keywords = {Single-Task, Dual-Task, Fear of Falling, Reaction Time, Aging, COVID 19, Balance Training, Retired Armed Forces},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.45},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-863-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-863-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {GoshtiDehaghy, Mohammad and Khaghanizadeh, Morteza and Peiravi, Hamid and Heydari, Soleiman and Vafadar, Zohreh},  
title = {Post-Traumatic Growth Among Iranian Nurses Deployed to Combat Zones}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: This study aimed to explore post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses deployed to combat zones-a concept referring to positive personal changes following exposure to traumatic events with broad individual, social, and psychological implications.  Methods: This qualitative study employed conventional content analysis and was conducted at the Baqiyatallah School of Nursing between 2021 and 2023. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 participants using purposive sampling. Analysis identified 22 subcategories grouped into six main categories: “spiritual growth,” “empowerment of interpersonal relationships,” “learning new cultures,” “finding new learning opportunities,” “enhanced resilience,” and “attitudinal change.” Results: These findings indicate that PTG in deployed nurses is a multidimensional, context-dependent phenomenon influenced by various factors, including occupational stressors, mental health status, and prior combat exposure. Conculoion: These insights can help nursing managers and deployment teams better understand the factors contributing to positive psychological growth among Iranian nurses.},  
Keywords = {Armed Conflicts, Axis of Resistance, Nurses, Post-Traumatic Growth},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.49},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-864-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-864-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nayebi, Neda and Ranjbar, Fataneh},  
title = {Gangrene of All Four Limbs in a Patient with Pemphigus Vulgaris Following Norepinephrine Use; A Rare Complication: Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: The use of epinephrine in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris, characterized by flaccid and erosive blisters of the skin and mucous membranes, led to infection and gangrene of all four limbs. Case Report: This report describes a rare case of gangrene affecting all four limbs in a 59-year- old woman with pemphigus vulgaris, a severe autoimmune blistering disorder, following the administration of norepinephrine. Pemphigus vulgaris is characterized by flaccid and erosive blisters on the skin and mucous membranes caused by autoantibody-mediated disruption of cell adhesion, leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced quality of life. Norepinephrine, a potent vasoconstrictor, can cause serious irreversible vascular complications in patients with underlying autoimmune conditions. Purpose of the Report: The interplay between autoimmune pathophysiology and vasopressor therapy, in the management of complex autoimmune conditions highlights the need for heightened clinical vigilance and individualized treatment decisions.},  
Keywords = {Pemphigus Vulgaris, Gangrene, Norepinephrine, Autoimmune Disorder},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.53},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-839-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-839-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aghal, Bagher and Moradyan, Sayyid Tayyib and Bahramifar, Ali and Said, Yaser},  
title = {Comparing the Effects of Traditional Versus Simulator-Based Mechanical Ventilation Training on Nurses\' Clinical Competence}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Mechanical ventilation management is an essential clinical skill for nurses caring for critically ill patients; however, the most effective training approach for developing this competency remains unclear. This study compared the effects of mechanical ventilation training on nurses' clinical competence using traditional and simulator-based methods. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted during 2022–2023 at Baqiyatullah Hospital (AJ) in Tehran, Iran. A total of 60 nurses from critical care units were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: traditional training (30 nurses) and simulator-based (30 nurses). The simulator-based group received training using a mechanical ventilator simulator. The traditional group received lecture-based instruction supported by PowerPoint presentations. Clinical competence was assessed before and two weeks after training using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and a six-station checklist. Results: At baseline, the two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics and clinical competence scores (P>0.05). Following the intervention, the simulator-based group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in clinical competence than the traditional group (P = 0.001). Finally, data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, chi-square, and paired t-test). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it is suggested to use new simulator-based educational approaches and to implement the concepts practically on the ventilator, in the clinical qualification in mechanical ventilation.},  
Keywords = {Mechanical Ventilation, Blended Training, Nurses' Clinical Competency, Simulator-Based Training},
volume = {18},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.3.58},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-792-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-792-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SalimiBani, Maliheh},  
title = {Letter to the Editor}, 
abstract ={Professor Abbas Ebadi Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care Nursing Dear Professor Ebadi, I read with interest and close attention the recent article "The effect of simulator-based blended training on the clinical competence of nurses in mechanical ventilation" by Aghal and colleagues (1), published in your journal. In this study the authors take on one of the most demanding and vital areas of nursing care, and for that their work is valuable and deserves recognition. That said, a careful look at the study's design and methodology brought a few methodological points and uncertainties to mind, and attention to them could make the results clearer and add to the scientific value of this field. I therefore offer the following for your attention and that of the authors: 1. Comparison bias and the nature of the outcome measure. According to the article, the intervention group received blended training (theory plus hands-on practice with a ventilator simulator), whereas the control group received theoretical instruction only (lecture and PowerPoint). At the same time, the outcome was measured with the Objective Structured Clinical Examination, which is by its nature a practical, skills-based test. It is plain that a group given the chance to work in practice with the device (the simulator) will perform far better on a practical examination than a group taught by theory alone. This design creates an inherent bias in favor of the intervention group. A fairer comparison would have been possible if the control group had also received some form of clinical practice equivalent in hours to the intervention group's hands-on training (for example, working with a real ventilator under supervision on the ward), so that the specific effect of the simulator as a distinct educational medium could be isolated. 2. No mention of assessor blinding. In educational studies, blinding participants and instructors is practically impossible; blinding the outcome assessors, however, is a methodological necessity for preventing detection bias. The article states that one examiner was present at each station of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination, but it says nothing about whether these examiners were blinded to the nurses' group allocation (that is, whether a given nurse belonged to the simulator group or the lecture group). A lack of assessor blinding in a test as sensitive as the Objective Structured Clinical Examination can seriously undermine the validity of the results. 3. Testing effect and the short follow-up interval. The authors carried out their assessments before the intervention and only "two weeks" afterwards. Administering the pre-test as an Objective Structured Clinical Examination itself acts as a learning and training stimulus (the testing effect). Re-assessment with the same format after such a short two-week interval reflects short-term memory and familiarity with the stations more than any lasting acquisition of clinical competence. To claim improved clinical competence in a complex skill such as mechanical ventilation, longer follow-up (for example, one to three months) seems essential. 4. No clinical trial registration number. Quasi-experimental studies that include an intervention group and a control group and that measure health-system outcomes (among them the clinical competence of care staff) require prospective registration in a clinical trial registry (such as the IRCT), in line with the CONSORT statement and the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). This article mentions only an ethics code, and a trial registration number is notably absent. In closing, while thanking the research team once again for their valuable efforts and the editor for providing a venue for such applied work, I would be very glad if the authors could respond to these questions and methodological concerns. An exchange of views on these matters would no doubt add to scientific clarity and help guide future researchers in designing more effective educational interventions in critical care units. With renewed respect },  
Keywords = {},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {1-2}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.1},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-876-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-876-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SalehNassaj, Zohreh and KalaiMokhar, Habibeh and Garkaz, OMID and MEHRYAR, Hamid Rez},  
title = {Evaluation of Symptoms, Complications, and Prognosis of Patients with New Ischemic Stroke Symptoms (Code 724) in Hospitals Affiliated with Shahroud University of Medical Sciences During 2021–2022}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Acute ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of neurological deficits and occurs due to interrupted cerebral blood supply. It is considered one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, complications, and prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (Code 724) who were presenting to the emergency departments of hospitals affiliated with Shahroud University of Medical Sciences during 2021–2022. Methods: This descriptive–analytical cross‑sectional study was conducted among all patients who presented to the emergency department of Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud with acute stroke symptoms from October 2021 to October 2022.  Eligible patients underwent brain CT scanning and were included regardless of whether thrombolytic therapy was administered. Demographic information, clinical and neurological symptoms, complications, and patient prognosis were collected. Results: A total of 197 patients were included, of whom 54.3% were male. The mean age of the patients was 68.95±13.7 years. The most common clinical presentations were speech impairment (35.0%), motor deficits (33.0%), dysphagia (15.7%), gastrointestinal and excretory disorders (12.7%), psychological disturbances (12.7%), cardiac complications (6.6%), and seizures (4.1%). In total, 49 patients (24.9%) received thrombolytic therapy, and 12 patients (6.4%) died during hospitalization. Data analysis showed that there was no statistically significant association between receiving or not receiving thrombolytic therapy and the occurrence of different clinical symptoms. None of the patients who received thrombolytic therapy experienced mortality, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.040). In addition, the mean age of patients who received thrombolytic therapy was significantly lower (P = 0.009), and limb muscle strength was higher in this group (P = 0.022). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that thrombolytic therapy can be considered an effective treatment method for patients with acute ischemic stroke and was associated with lower mortality in the studied patients. Appropriate patient selection and timely treatment initiation are critical determinants of outcome. Further studies with larger sample sizes and more precise designs are recommended to better evaluate the short‑ and long‑term outcomes of this therapy in stroke patients.},  
Keywords = {Acute Ischemic Stroke, Complications, Prognosis, Cerebrovascular Events},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {3-10}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.3},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-853-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-853-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zanganeh, Fatemeh and Safi, Mohammad Hadi and KeikhaeiDehdezi, Bij},  
title = {Analysis of Factors Facilitating Burden of Care in Caregivers of Children with Hemophilia}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Hemophilia is a chronic bleeding disorder that accompanies the patient until the end of his life. Affected patients require a lot of care and support, and their caregivers bear a lot of burden of care. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the factors facilitating burden of care in caregivers of children with hemophilia. Methods: The research method was a qualitative phenomenological type. The statistical population of the research included all the caregivers of children with hemophilia referred to Baghaei two hospital in city of Ahvaz, and 26 caregivers were selected by available sampling and snowball from the considered statistical population and were investigated using a semi-structured interview until reaching data saturation. Results: Data analysis led to two main themes and five sub-themes. The main theme of persistent treatment problems included subthemes (problems related to treatment follow-up and financial issues and problems related to receiving treatment), and the main theme of external stresses included (personal problems of the caregiver, communication problems with the sick child and lack of effective support). Conclusion: Caregivers of hemophiliac children, who are mainly the parents of the sick child, bear additional pressure for care and have many problems such as not having a suitable job, difficult conditions of the sick person and lack of medication and communication problems; therefore, special prevention, treatment and rehabilitation programs for these caregivers should be planned and implemented.},  
Keywords = {Burden of Care, Factors Facilitating, Caregivers of Children, Hemophilia},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {11-32}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.11},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-861-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-861-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ghasemifard, fateme and jafarioori, mehdi},  
title = {Modern approaches and emerging technologies in wound management: A narrative review study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Management of acute and chronic wounds remains a major healthcare challenge, exacerbated by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and aging populations. In recent years, modern approaches and emerging technologies have played an increasingly important role in improving wound healing outcomes. This narrative review aimed to explore contemporary approaches and emerging technologies in wound management. Methods: This narrative review was conducted through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases from 2010 to 2026. Studies addressing advanced wound care strategies, including mechanical, biological, pharmacological, and technology-based interventions, were included. Data were extracted and narratively synthesized. Results: A total of 27 studies were included. Modern wound management strategies were categorized into four main domains: mechanical therapies (including negative pressure wound therapy, compression therapy, and energy-based modalities), biological approaches (including cellular and tissue-based products, platelet-rich plasma, and stem cell therapy), pharmacological treatments (including antimicrobials and oxygen therapy), and emerging technologies (including smart dressings and artificial intelligence). Most studies focused on chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers and pressure injuries, highlighting a shift toward personalized and technology-driven wound care. Conclusion: Future wound management appears to be moving toward integrated approaches combining biotechnology, tissue engineering, and artificial intelligence. Despite significant advances, challenges such as cost, accessibility, and limited high-quality evidence remain, underscoring the need for further clinical research.},  
Keywords = {Wound management, Chronic wound, Advanced wound dressings, Negative pressure wound therapy, Smart dressings, Artificial intelligence, Regenerative medicine, Emerging healthcare technologies, Bioactive dressings, Diabetic foot ulcer},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {33-50}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.33},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-866-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-866-en.docx},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {hashemi, narges and SHAMSI, ATEFEH},  
title = {Strategies for Enhancing Children’s Resilience during Wartime Crises: A Qualitative Study Comparing the Perspectives of Mothers and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Nurses}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Children facing war and humanitarian crises are exposed to various psychological and social stressors that can adversely affect their mental health and development.  Despite such adversity, many children maintain adaptive capacity and psychological recovery. This phenomenon, known as resilience, is shaped by a combination of individual, familial, and social factors.  This study aimed to explore and compare strategies for enhancing children's resilience during wartime crises from the perspectives of mothers and PICU nurses. Methods: This qualitative conventional content analysis study was conducted in 2026, at Imam Hussein Children’s Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Participants included 20 mothers and 15 pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses, selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analysed using Graneheim and Lundman approach until data saturation was reached. Results: Analysis identified several main themes. The most significant themes included relational resilience and emotional co-regulation, cognitive and spiritual resilience, child agency and voice, play and creativity as trauma processing tools, social and institutional support, convergence and divergence of mothers’ and nurses’ perspectives, and ultimately, the overarching concept of “resilience as negotiated co-regulation.” Findings indicated that children’s resilience develops within the context of interactions among the child, family, and social support networks, representing a dynamic and multi-level process. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that enhancing children’s resilience in crises necessitate a comprehensive multilevel approach that simultaneously considers family relationships, social resources, and professional interventions. The concept of negotiated co-regulation can provide a conceptual framework for designing effective supportive interventions in the field of child mental health in crisis contexts.},  
Keywords = {Resilience, Child, War, Crisis, Mother, Nurse},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {51-68}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.51},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-865-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-865-en.docx},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zamani, Narges},  
title = {Barriers to School Reintegration in Students with Chronic Illnesses Following Discharge from the Intensive Care Unit}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Recent advances in pediatric critical care have significantly improved survival rates among children with chronic illnesses. However, biological survival does not necessarily translate into successful recovery of academic and social functioning. School reintegration is considered one of the most important indicators of functional recovery in children following discharge from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The present study aimed to investigate barriers to school reintegration and develop a structural model of factors predicting academic adjustment among students with chronic illnesses. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2024. The target population included all students aged 7 to 12 years old with chronic illness residing in Mashhad who had experienced ICU hospitalization during the first six months of 2024. A total of 212 students selected from three teaching hospitals and 28 elementary schools using convenience sampling. Data collection tools included the Children's Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedsQL), Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and the Academic Adjustment Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, analysis of variance, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. Results: The mean age of participants was 10.2 ± 1.9 years, and 53.8% were male. A total of 63.7% of students experienced substantial difficulties in school reintegration during the first six months after discharge. Multiple regression analysis identified three significant predictors of academic adjustment: chronic fatigue (β = 0.41, P<0.001), academic anxiety (β = 0.35, P<0.001), and inadequate school support (β = 0.29, P = 0.002). The regression model explained 52% of the variance in academic adjustment (R² = 0.52). Structural equation modeling indicated that physical health status exerted a significant indirect effect on academic adjustment through psychological variables (indirect effect = 0.27, P<0.01). Model fit indices indicated acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 2.14; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04). The overall model effect size was moderate to large. Conclusion: School reintegration among students with chronic illnesses following ICU discharge is a multidimensional process influenced by the interaction of physical, psychological, and institutional factors. Chronic fatigue and academic anxiety emerged as the most important individual barriers, and inadequate structured school support as the primary institutional barrier. Developing hospital-to-school transition programs, implementing individualized educational plans, and providing targeted psychological interventions may improve academic adjustment and reduce educational disruption in this population.},  
Keywords = {Chronic Illness, Intensive Care Unit, School Reintegration, Academic Adjustment, Hospitalized Children},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {69-80}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.69},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-871-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-871-en.docx},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gholamzadeh, Maliheh and Amini, Fatemeh and Mohammadpour, Ali and Shareinia, Habib and Sajjadi, Moos},  
title = {Effect of Foot Reflexology on Glycated Hemoglobin in Women with Type 2 Diabetes}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide, with rising prevalence and substantial associated complications in recent years, complementary therapies such as foot reflexology have attracted attention as non‑pharmacological approaches to blood glucose control. This study examined the effect of foot reflexology on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 30 women with type 2 diabetes. Participants were allocated into intervention and control groups using quadruple permuted block randomization. The intervention group received foot reflexology in 18 sessions of 30 minutes each (three sessions per week). Data were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using the independent t-test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: At baseline, mean HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels were comparable between groups (P = 0.78 and P = 0.19, respectively). After the intervention, a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the intervention group compared with the control group (P = 0.015), and fasting blood glucose levels were also significantly reduced (P = 0.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest that foot reflexology is a simple, low-cost, and safe complementary intervention that may reduce HbA1c and fasting blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes.  Larger trials with more diverse populations are warranted to confirm these findings},  
Keywords = {Foot Reflexology, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Type 2 Diabetes},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {81-96}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.81},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-857-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-857-en.docx},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jahangiri, Aida and Valiee, Sina and Kamyari, Naser and Vatandost, Salam},  
title = {Dispatcher Performance in Telephone Triage and Instruction for Foreign Body Airway Obstruction: A Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) is a time-critical medical emergency with high mortality, where patient survival depends on immediate first aid within the initial moments. Emergency dispatchers, as the first point of contact in the emergency response chain, play a vital role in providing telephone guidance to callers for performing life-saving maneuvers. Despite the significant burden of this condition in Iran and the crucial role of dispatchers in its management, no studies have examined dispatcher performance in telephone triage and guidance for FBAO cases in the country. This study aimed to determine dispatcher performance in providing telephone guidance for FBAO and its association with prehospital outcomes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 262 recorded telephone calls made to the Kurdistan Emergency Dispatch Center (EMS 115) between March 20, 2024, and March 20, 2025, concerning foreign body airway obstruction (94 adults, 48 children, 120 infants) were reviewed. Dispatcher performance was evaluated using a researcher-developed 13-item checklist based on the 2025 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines and algorithms approved by the Iran Emergency Organization, separately for the three age groups. The checklist was validated for content validity (CVR = 0.82, CVI = 0.84) and inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.87). Data were analyzed at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The overall mean performance score of dispatchers was 0.87. Complete airway obstruction was associated with a 92% reduction in the odds of clinical improvement (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.17, P<0.001), while out-of-home incidents (AOR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.60-16.40, P = 0.007) and food-related foreign body type (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.37, P<0.001) were associated with altered odds of clinical improvement. Among dispatcher characteristics, greater clinical experience (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.98, P = 0.023) and attendance at stress management training (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23-0.68, P = 0.001) were associated with better performance, while 10-20 hours of monthly overtime (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16-0.68, P = 0.002) and contractual employment status (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.68, P = 0.001) were associated with poorer performance. Conclusion: Although dispatchers demonstrated generally acceptable performance in technical and critical skills, serious deficiencies were identified in communication skills and caller stress management, particularly in cases involving infant choking. Complete airway obstruction, incident location, and foreign body type were identified as the main predictors of patient outcomes. Clinical experience, stress management training, overtime hours, and employment status were significant factors affecting dispatcher performance. Protocol revision, overtime reduction, stress management training, and public awareness improvement are recommended as key strategies for enhancing patient outcomes.},  
Keywords = {Dispatch, Airway Obstruction, Foreign Body, Telephone Assistance, Medical Emergencies},
volume = {18},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {97-110}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.18.4.97},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-854-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-854-en.docx},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2026}  
}