@article{ author = {Yaghoubi, Tahrerh and AraghianMojarad, Fereshteh}, title = {Lessons Learned from Emergency Evacuation of Hemodialysis Department: Letter to the Editor}, abstract ={Dear Editor Patients in the hospitals are exposed to numerous accidents and disasters (1); One of the most important measures after the occurrence of accidents is the emergency evacuation of the affected area to temporary shelters and the provision of relief services (2). In the past, the need for emergency evacuation in most hospitals was considered a far-fetched phenomenon (3). The process of emergency evacuation of the hospital is extremely difficult and complex, and the transfer of patients in case of emergency evacuation and the continuation of medical services is an important challenge, especially in intensive care units such as hemodialysis (4). Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for end-stage chronic renal failure in Iran and the world. Hemodialysis increases the life expectancy of patients but at the same time imposes many limitations on these patients (5). In case of emergency evacuation of the hospital, hemodialysis patients who are receiving continuous medical services in the hospital will face more problems. A key factor in safe and rapid emergency evacuation of the hemodialysis ward is the readiness of the staff (6). The experience of one researcher showed that nurses face many challenges when there is a fire in the hemodialysis ward. The inability to extinguish the fire and spread to the inpatient wards led to the issuance of a complete emergency evacuation order. The main concern of the nurses of the hemodialysis ward was the sudden interruption of the hemodialysis process and the safe departure of patients connected to the device from the accident site. The difficulty of the transfer process is from the lessons learned from the hospital emergency evacuation. Timely, effective and safe evacuation of patients is a prerequisite for safe emergency evacuation in the hospital, but many dialysis service providers have received little or no training for emergency evacuation. Lack of expertise of hospital managers and firefighters to respond effectively to accidents in hemodialysis wards and on the other hand, lack of experience of personnel for rapid transfer of patients makes emergency evacuation conditions in hemodialysis wards more difficult. Because hemodialysis wards are located in advanced medical centers and receive a large number of patients daily, firefighting and emergency evacuation exercises are rarely performed. According to the clinical experiences of researchers, a very important point in the emergency evacuation of the hemodialysis ward is the continuation of the treatment of the patients connected to the hemodialysis machine. Any delay in the treatment plan of hemodialysis patients will cause health problems. Therefore, it is suggested that the following items be emphasized to reduce the challenges of hemodialysis patients in the emergency evacuation process of the hospital.  1. Paying attention to structural and non-structural resilience of hemodialysis wards against fire and earthquake accidents 2. Providing a suitable bed for easy movement of hemodialysis patients in the ward design 3. Access to mobile and removable hemodialysis units  4. Laying the groundwork for new hemodialysis approaches such as home hemodialysis, ambulance design with hemodialysis system  5. Training of staff of clinical wards, especially hemodialysis wards in the field of firefighting and emergency evacuation  6. Performing firefighting and emergency evacuation exercises in hospitals}, Keywords = {Hemodialysis, Hospital Emergency Evacuation, Challenges}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.1}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-599-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-599-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Goharani, Reza and GohariMoghadam, Keyvan and Khoshfetrat, Masuom and Shabab, Sadegh and Moayed, Malihe sadat}, title = {Validation of New Integrative Weaning Index during Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Observational Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients are certainly the most challenging ones for weaning from mechanical ventilation. Mortality in these patients compared to others due to failure in the weaning process is more than seven times. The present study was performed on the population of ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease purposes of determining cut-off points of New Integrative Weaning Index (NIWI) and conventional indexes and comparing differences between their predictive components. Methods: The observational prospective, triple blinded study was conducted in 2012-2013 on 180 hospitalized COPD patients in critical care units of selected hospitals in Tehran in two groups including cut-off points determining group and determining different predicting weaning factors group. The process of weaning was based on the same and defined protocol. The ROC analysis was used to determine the cut-off points group and the predicting factors were used in the other group. Results: The highest area under the curves was devoted to Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (0.927) and NIWI (0.878). The highest sensitivity was related to NIWI with 100% and the highest specificity was related to RSBI index 90%, the positive predictive value to RSBI Index was 87.5%, the negative predictive value to NIWI with 100% and highest diagnostic accuracy related to RSBI was 98.67%. The cut-off point and the most desirable components predicting weaning were RSBI, NIWI, P0.1, and NIF indexes, respectively. Conclusion: The NIWI index can be used as a complementary predictive indicator for weaning from mechanical ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients due to its good predictive components.}, Keywords = {COPD, Mechanical Ventilation, Validity, Weaning}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.4}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-595-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-595-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hemati, Zeinab and Alimohammadi, Nasrollah and Moslehi, Maryam and Safazadeh, Shim}, title = {Correlation between Clinical and Personal Characteristics of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units with Deep Vein Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is one of the most common problems in Intensive Care Units (ICU). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical and demographic characteristics with lower extremity DVT in patients admitted to ICU. Methods: The present study is a retrospective case-control study that was performed on 504 patients admitted to the ICUs of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan during 2014-2019. Samples were easily included in the case group (89) and in the control group (415), randomly. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire of demographic and clinical characteristics, then descriptive and analytical statistical tests such as two-sample independent t-test and if necessary Mann-Whitney were used and were eventually analyzed with SPSS version 21. Results: The results showed that the mean age of participants was about 53 years, although the mean age in the case group was higher than the control group (p=0.004), but after controlling sex and underlying diseases, had no effect on thrombosis (0.075). The chance of developing thrombosis in men was 1.7 times higher than women (p=0.029). The pao2 / fio2 index in patients with thrombosis (0.61±0.02) was significantly lower than the control group (5.5±2.1) (p<0.0001). After controlling for the effect of age and sex, the chance of thrombosis in patients with hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary embolism and previous history of thrombosis (p<0.0001), 2.6 (p<0.0001), respectively, 3.3 (p=0.006), 1/2 (p<0.0001) 8.1 (p<0.0001) was 36.3. Inactivity with a chance of 29.9 (p=0.0001) was the most important risk factor in ICU for thrombosis. Conclusion: The results of this study show that having certain characteristics and having some underlying diseases due to which patients are admitted to special wards, increases the chance of developing DVT. Therefore, nurses can pay more attention to them in preventive planning and reducing their incidence.}, Keywords = {Deep Vein Thrombosis, Lower Extremities, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-24}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.14}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-600-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-600-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Raesi, Rasoul and Bokaie, Saied and Hushmandi, Kiavash and Raei, Mehdi}, title = {Evaluation of Patients\' Satisfaction with the Diagnosis of COVID-19 from the Quality of Nursing Services in Corona Ward: A Cross-sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The widespread prevalence of COVID-19 and the increasing number of patients indicate the need of the health system to measure the quality indicators of health care. The aim of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of discharged patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 from the quality of nursing services in the corona ward. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 110 patients discharged from the corona ward of 22 Bahman Hospital in Khaf over a period of six months. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of patients' satisfaction with the quality of SERVQUAL nursing services, which was conducted by the researcher by telephone from discharged patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 15 statistical software and one-sample t-test, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance at the significant level of α=0.05. Results: In the present study, 71 patients (64.5%) were male and 39 patients (35.5%) were female. The highest frequency was related to patients with literacy education (38.2%) and aged 51-60 years (44.5%). Patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing services in general and its dimensions was moderate (p<0.001). Conclusion: Since in this study, the satisfaction of COVID-19 patients with nursing services in the corona ward was moderate, it is suggested to managers to plan to motivate nurses in COVID-19 patient care wards. Also, nurses working in the corona ward must be supported in order to encourage them to provide quality care services to eventually increase patient satisfaction with nursing services.}, Keywords = {Patient Satisfaction, COVID-19, Quality of Nursing Services, Corona Ward}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-33}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.25}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-593-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-593-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Fatemeh and Darvishpour, Azar and Mansour-ghanaei, Roy}, title = {The Relationship between Health Literacy and Self-care Behaviors in the Elderly with Hypertension Admitted to Cardiac Intensive Care Units: A Correlational Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most common problems of the elderly in developing countries, including Iran. One of the main determinants of controlling hypertension is self-care behaviors and one of the factors affecting the level of awareness and thus its more effective control and prevention is health literacy. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between health literacy and self-care behaviors in the elderly with hypertension admitted to cardiac intensive care units. Methods: The present correlational study was performed in 2020 on 76 elderly patients with hypertension admitted to CCU and post CCU wards in East Guilan public hospitals. The instruments used in this study included a Health Literacy Questionnaire for Iranian Adults (HELIA) and a Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire for patients with hypertension. Results: The results showed that the majority of elderly people with hypertension had adequate health literacy (57.9%) and relatively desirable self-care behaviors (94.7%). Findings also revealed that there is a significant correlation between health literacy and self-care behaviors (r=0.528 and p<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly health literacy affects the level of self-care of the elderly, and the higher the health literacy of the elderly, the higher the level of self-care of the elderly with hypertension. So, it can be acknowledged that the issue of health literacy in the elderly is of particular importance and empowering the elderly in the field of health literacy is an important factor in promoting self-care behaviors and ultimately the health of these people. Therefore, it is suggested that health officials and policy makers consider health literacy as one of the most important tools for improving self-care, and also pay special attention to the development, design and implementation of operational plans in this regard.}, Keywords = {Health Literacy, Self-Care, Elderly, High Blood Pressure}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {34-44}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.34}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-576-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-576-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {ashghab, akbar and vahedianazimi, amir and vafadar, zohre and sepandi, mojtaba and molahadi, mohse}, title = {The Effect of Nursing Interventions on Sleep Disorders in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Sleep disorders in patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are one of the most important causes of increased length of stay, decreased recovery, delirium and neurological and psychological problems. Nursing interventions can be effective in improving sleep disorders. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of nursing interventions on the improvement of sleep disorders in patients admitted to ICUs. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in the first half of 2021 by searching Persian and English articles in the period from the beginning of 1980 to the first half of 2021. The search strategy and keywords were defined based on the PICO system and inclusion criteria. Search with a combination of Persian keywords: "sleep disorder", "nursing care", "intensive care unit" and their English equivalents sleep disorder, hyper somnolence, insomnia, dyssomnia, sleep apnea, sleep deprivation, intensive care, critical care, ICU, CCU, nursing intervention nursing care in Persian-language databases Scientific Jihad (SID) and information of national publications (Magiran) and English Scopus, Web of Science, Pub Med, Science Direct and Proquest also performed using Google scholar search engine Has been. Qualitative evaluation of articles was performed with Jadad scale. Of the 18,799 initially retrieved studies, 97 reached the final review stage. Results: The results showed that reducing ambient noise, leisure time protocol, use of ear and eyeglasses, music therapy, aromatherapy and pharmacotherapy, especially oral melatonin, had the greatest effect on the quality and quantity of sleep. Interventions with less impact and application included massage, acupuncture, physiotherapy, milk and honey combination before bed, cognitive-behavioral therapy, spiritual care, follow-up care model, ventilator modes, relaxation and guided visualization. Also, a variety of pharmacological interventions are used as an alternative or in combination with non-pharmacological interventions. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that simple and low-cost interventions such as reducing the number of direct care visits, reducing noise and ambient light and using blindfolds and earplugs are the most effective nursing interventions in improving the quality and quantity of sleep in ICUs. After recognizing the cases that cause sleep disorders in patients admitted to ICUs, nurses can prevent the occurrence of complications of sleep disorders in patients with these interventions.}, Keywords = {Sleep Disorder, Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Care, Nursing Interventions}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-62}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.45}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-540-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-540-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Panahifar, Sajjad and MaheriNooryani, Zhila and Ghanbari, Zahra and Sanjari, Shahrz}, title = {The Relationship between Self-esteem, Resilience and Differentiation with Covid-19 Anxiety in Hospital Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Anxiety caused by Covid-19 causes some psychological problems in nurses. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-perception, resilience and differentiation with anxiety caused by Covid-19 in nurses of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all nurses in the special ward of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020 with 103 people. For this purpose, 81 people were selected as the sample size by simple random sampling. Participants answered questionnaires about "self-concept", Connor's and Davidson's resilience, and anxiety caused by Covid-19 Correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that between self-perception (r=-0.714, p=-0.001) and resilience (p=0.001, r=-0.862) with anxiety caused by Covid-19, a negative and significant relationship exists between the nurses of the special ward of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran. There is also a positive relationship between differentiation (r=0.667, p=0.001) and Covid-19 anxiety. Conclusion: The results showed that self-concept, resilience and differentiation are associated with anxiety caused by Covid-19 in nurses.}, Keywords = {Self-concept, Resilience, Differentiation, Coronavirus Anxiety, Nurses}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {63-72}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.63}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-609-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-609-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Rooeintan, Mansooreh and Jahani, Simin and Cheraghian, Bahm}, title = {Evaluating the Causes of Unplanned Extubation and its Related Complications in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Prospective, Cross-sectional Multicenter Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Unplanned extubation is an important factor in the assessment of nursing care quality. This study aimed to determine the causes of unplanned extubation and its complications in patients admitted to intensive care units in the educational hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2019-2020. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional multicenter study examined 384 patients admitted to intensive care units by convenience sampling method. The data was acquired through a questionnaire consisting of 3 sections, completed by the nurses working in these departments. The first section of the questionnaire included demographic and medical information of the patient undergoing unplanned extubation. Sections 2 and 3 contained researcher-made checklists about factors regarding extubation, and the subsequent complications, respectively. The validity and reliability of the tool were tested and confirmed by calculating the content validity and test-retest approach. For data analysis, SPSS V22 software was used, along with the descriptive and analytical statistics tests. Results: In the present study, the incidence rate of unplanned extubation was reported to be 14.06%, the reason for which can be divided into 3 areas including patient-related factors such as delirium, nurse-related factors such as high nursing workload, and factors associated with the department’s design and equipment such as tube cuff rupture. Moreover, most complications due to unplanned extubation in patients included laryngeal hemorrhage and aspiration. Conclusion: Considering the incidence rate of unplanned extubation in patients admitted to ICU departments in this study was reported to be 14.06%, and the identification of its causes and complications, it is essential to train the ICU staff, especially nurses, to reduce the incidence of this phenomenon.  }, Keywords = {Intubation, Unplanned Extubation, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {73-82}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.1.73}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-612-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-612-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hoseinzadeh, Leila and Tabarsi, Beheshteh and Salehi, Shiv}, title = {The Relationship between Fatigue Severity and Shortness of Breath with Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study}, abstract ={Background & aim: Fatigue and shortness of breath are the main complaints of patients after COVID-19 disease, and determining the factors associated with them is of high importance for effective care of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fatigue severity and shortness of breath with arterial blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. In order to carry the study, 193 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fatemeh Al-Zahra and Lolagar hospitals in Tehran in the second half of 2021 were selected through convenience sampling method. Demographic information questionnaire, fatigue severity scale, Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale and recording SPO2 form were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS26 statistical software using statistical tests. Results: In total, 56.5% of the patients were women, 72% were married, 40.9% were housewives and 82.9% were over 40 years old. Patients' fatigue intensity (35 ± 17.55) was low, arterial blood oxygen saturation (89.74 ± 5.35) and patients' shortness of breath (3.35 ± 2.03) were at the level of light activity. Based on the results, the relationship between fatigue intensity and oxygen saturation was not significant (P = 0.246). There was a significant negative relationship between the severity of shortness of breath and SPO2 (P = 0.005, r = -0.202). As the severity of shortness of breath increased, the SPO2 decreased. Conclusion: The fatigue severity in patients with COVID-19 was moderate and the severity of shortness of breath was high, which should be given more attention as a traumatic complication. Also, due to the significant relationship between the severity of shortness of breath and arterial blood oxygen saturation, it is necessary for nurses caring for these patients to be reminded of the importance of measuring oxygen levels to seek the help of nurses and physicians in emergencies.}, Keywords = {Fatigue, Shortness of Breath, SPO2, COVID-19}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.2.1}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-608-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-608-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Nazari, Roghieh and Salehpooremran, Mohammad and SharifNia, Hamid and Goudarzian, Amir Hossein and Pourkia, Roghieh}, title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the General Health Questionnaire in Patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse: A Methodological Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is one of the most common psychosomatic syndromes in human beings. The general health of patients with chronic diseases is important for health care providers. Since a valid tool is needed for general health assessments, this study was conducted in order to investigate the validity of the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in patients with MVP. Methods: Construct validity was performed on 190 patients with MVP.  Factors were extracted with exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood and Promax rotation method. Then, 190 patients with other MVP were studied for confirmatory factor analysis and the model fitness was evaluated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis after the removal of seven items showed a four-factor construct for GHQ-28. Four factor were depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, social functioning and anxiety symptoms, respectively.  These four factors explain 47.9% of the total variance of the general health in patients with MVP. Due to that fact that all the regression coefficients in confirmatory factor analysis models and fitness indices of confirmatory factor analysis were high (>0.5), the assumed model had a good fit. Cronbach's alpha, omega McDonald, CR and the maximum reliability of the four factors extracted from the 21-item GHQ were greater than 0.7. Conclusion: Based on the study results, the validity and confidence of the 21-item Persian version of the GHQ has been confirmed. This tool can be used in screening and clinical studies related to the general health dimensions of patients with MVP.}, Keywords = {Psychometrics, General Health Questionnaire, Mitral Valve Prolapse}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-22}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/15.2.12}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-620-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-620-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Soheili, Soraya and Peyghambardoost, Razieh}, title = {Evaluation of Quality of Life and Variables Affecting its Prediction in Patients undergoing Hemodialysis in Hojjat Koohkamari Hospital in 2021: A Cross-sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Chronic renal failure and hemodialysis cause major changes in the quality of life of patients. This study was performed in order to evaluate quality of life and variables affecting its prediction in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Hojjat Koohkamari Hospital in 2021. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study performed on 104 hemodialysis patients over 18 years of age in Marand in 2021. Patients were selected by full census sampling.  Data collection tools included a demographic information checklist and a standard quality of life questionnaire for kidney patients. Results: The results showed that the overall quality of life score of dialysis patients was 52.7±23.1, which indicates the average level of quality of life of these patients. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that with age, the quality of life of the samples decreased (p=0.004, r=-31). Also, one-way analysis of variance showed a significant relationship between quality of life and income (p=0.02) and level of education (p=0.001) and duration of dialysis (p=0.048). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the specific dimension of kidney disease with a coefficient of determination of R²=0.79 is able to significantly predict changes in quality of life as the most important variable. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the quality of life of hemodialysis patients is moderate and the most important factor in changes in the living standards of hemodialysis patients is related to the specific dimension of kidney disease. Also, with increasing income level and education level, the quality of life has increased, but with increasing the duration of dialysis, the quality of life has decreased.}, Keywords = {Hemodialysis, Quality of Life, Chronic Kidney Disease}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {23-31}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/15.2.23}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-622-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-622-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghahramani, Shahin and Mahmoudi, Mokhtar and Nouri, Bijan and Valiee, Si}, title = {Quality of Dying and Death Care from the Perspective of Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Due to the high mortality of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), the provision of high‌ quality nursing care, especially for patients admitted to these wards, is of great importance. This is why the quality of death and dying in these wards is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of dying and death from the perspective of nurses working in ICUs. Methods:  The present study was performed cross-sectional in the teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The research samples in this cross-sectional study were 105 nurses working in ICUs who were selected by census. Data collection tools included demographic information and Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire (QODD). Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean and standard deviation of the quality of dying and death variable were 37.15±13.47 and below the mean. Among the items related to the quality of death, the highest average was related to receiving appropriate sedation during the stay in the ICU (5.80±2.41) and being touched or hugged by loved ones (4.90±2.78) and the lowest average quality of care was related to having a spiritual ceremony before the patient's death (2.12±2.59 (and having one or more visits to a religious or spiritual counselor (2.24±2.66).  There was a statistically significant relationship between the quality of dying and death and the history of passing training courses related to dying and death (P=0.03). Conclusion: It is recommended to hold training courses related to quality of dying and death care criteria for personnel working in ICUs, as well as to evaluate the quality of mortality care from the perspective of the families of patients admitted to the ICU.}, Keywords = {Quality of Health Care, Nurse, Critical Care, Death}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/15.2.32}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-613-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-613-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Gashmardi, Noushi}, title = {Causes and Consequences of Hypoxia/Hypoxemia due to COVID-19: A Narrative Literature Review}, abstract ={Background and aim: COVID-19 is the third pandemic disease with respiratory manifestations after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-Cov) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-Cov). One of the problems of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection is hypoxia and hypoxemia, which is considered to be seriously life-threatening. Given that there is no sufficient consensus to causes and consequences of hypoxia / hypoxemia, therefore this study was conducted to review the causes and consequences of hypoxia/hypoxemia due to COVID-19. Methods: This narrative review study was carried out through a library literature review in the databases including Science direct, Scopus, EMBASE ، Web of Science ، PubMed, SID, WHO, CDC, Springer, Elsevier and Google Scholar search engine in Persian and English during 2019 to 2022. Articles were evaluated and selected based on the inclusion and exit criteria. At first, duplicate articles in regards to their titles and then unrelated articles were deleted.  Finally, data analysis were done by a comprehensive review of articles and the removal of those that were not related to the objectives of the present study. Results: Out of 1275 searched articles, 42 were selected and analyzed. The results showed that lung injuries, activation of immune system and induction of inflammatory reactions, central nervous system injuries and underlying diseases are the causes of hypoxia and hypoxemia. Brain and nerve damages, gastrointestinal disorders, heart damages and liver damage can be caused by hypoxia and hypoxemia and delirium, encephalopathy, encephalitis, seizures and kidney damage caused by hypoxia. Conclusion: Although respiratory infection is more common in patients with COVID-19, some patients suffer from hypoxia or hypoxemia and the side effects associated with both. In order to cause oxygen homeostasis, early detection and therapeutic interventions are essential that during oxygen therapy, secondary injuries of this therapeutic intervention should be considered. Also, investigating the level of inflammatory and immune markers, may help in the early detection of them in patients.  }, Keywords = {Organs, Clinical Manifestations, SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19), Hypoxai, Hypoxemic}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {40-59}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/15.2.40}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-625-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-625-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shakeri, Bahre and Vatandost, Salam and Nouri, Bijan and Valiee, Si}, title = {Effective Factors on the Administration of Chemical Restraint among Nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs): An Observational Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Chemical restraints are drugs used to restraint a patient's involuntary movements or emergency control of the patient's aggressive behavior and to cause sedation and pain relief, reduce symptoms, and reduce the likelihood of harming oneself or others. Improper use of chemical restraints can lead to complications in patients and can even delay the separation of patients under mechanical ventilation from the ventilator. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors in nurses' use of chemical restraints in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: This research was an observational study. The statistical society of the research included 160 hospitalized patients in ICUs at Kowsar hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. After eight hours of hospitalization and stability of their conditions, those patients in ICUs were assessed based on administrating of chemical restraint by nurses. Independent risk factors for the administration of chemical restraint were investigated by using the logistic regression model. Results: Among the 160 patients admitted to ICUs, 105 patients (65/62%) underwent chemical restraints. The most common time to use chemical restraints was during the night shift and then the evening shift. Comparison of patients for whom chemical restraint was used or not, showed that the two groups in terms of smoking history (P=0/037), intubation (P=0/0001), dressing (P=0/001) and drain (P=0/001) as well as NGT (P=0/010), GCS (P=0/012), FOURscore (P=0/050), type of nursing shifts (P=0/017), restlessness (P =0/004) had a statistically significant difference. The relationship between BMI variables, alcohol addiction, drug addiction, having a catheter, fixator and traction, delirium, having a dressing, nurse to patient ratio, underlying disease and mechanical ventilation mode using Chemical restraints was not significant (P>0/05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that between smoking (P=0/041, OR=3/232), being intubated (P=0/0001, OR=75/959), having a drain (P=0/016, OR=669), and FOUR score (P=0/0001, OR=0/944), there was a significant relationship using chemical restraints. Conclusion: Regarding the results of the present study, it could be concluded that the administration of chemical restraints is increasing among nurses in ICUs. Therefore, the necessity of the clinical guidelines and policies for the administration of chemical restraint are highlighted.}, Keywords = {Chemical restraint, Nurses, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {60-68}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/15.2.60}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-624-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-624-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {RahatDahmardeh, Alireza and Khoshfetrat, Masoum and Keykha, Aliakbar}, title = {Comparison of the Ability of Marshall and Rotterdam CT Scan Scoring System in Determining the Prognosis of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Predicting the final outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury is crucial for making the right clinical decision and determining the course of treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of Marshall and Rotterdam scoring systems to determine the prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury. Materials: The present research is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the study consisted of patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Khatam al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan from 2021 to 2022. In order to carry out this study, 287 patients were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Patients were first evaluated by an intensive care physician to determine the prognosis with the APACH II Scale. The Marshall and Rotterdam scores of each patient were then determined by a radiologist based on a brain CT scan, and the patients were evaluated for the entire period of hospitalization until the final outcome (discharge or death) was determined. Finally, the data were compared to determine the ability of the two scales to predict outcomes. Results: Out of the 287 patients, 33 (11/5%) died and 254 (88/5%) survived. The mean score of the Marshall Scale in the deceased patients was 4.69±1.01 and was 2.03±1.3 in the survived patients. The mean score of the Rotterdam Scale in the deceased patients was 5/33±0/95 and was 2/14±0/89 in the survived patients. In both cases, this difference was statistically significant (P=0/001). The mean score of the APACH II scale was 24/04±8/2 in the deceased patients and 16/08±7/3 in the survived patients. The correlation between Rotterdam and Marshall Scales in determining the outcome of patients, with APACH II was positive and high. The agreement between the APACH II and Rotterdam scales was greater in predicting mortality. The results of regression model showed that gender with (OR=2/91), head injury due to accident with (OR=3/04), Marshall Score above 4 (OR=1/97), Rotterdam score above 4 (OR=2/84) and Apache II score above 15 (OR=1/97) have a significant relationship with patient mortality. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be stated that both the Marshall and Rotterdam scales can determine the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury.}, Keywords = {Traumatic Brain Injury, Marshall Classification System, Rotterdam CT Grading System, APACH II}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-81}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/15.2.69}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-627-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-627-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Khodayari, Sajjad and Seylani, Khatereh and Sharifi, Farshad and Navab, Elham}, title = {The Effect of Manual Hyperinflation and Postural Drainage on Respiratory Indices in Patients under Mechanical Ventilation in Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Accumulation of secretions is one of the serious complications in patients under mechanical ventilation. The management of airway secretions in these patients includes using the usual methods like fluid therapy as well as techniques such as changing the patient's position and manual hyperinflation. Tracheal suction, which is performed with the aim of secretion removal, can be effective in improving airway clearance along with manual hyperinflation techniques and postural drainage. This randomized clinical trial was conducted in order to compare the effect of Manual Hyperinflation (MH) and Postural Drainage (PD) on the respiratory parameters of patients under mechanical ventilation. Methods: This crossover clinical trial study was conducted in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam in 2018. The sample size included 50 patients under mechanical ventilation who were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria through convenience sampling. After the first 24 h, patients received routine respiratory care in the ICU. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups, MH or PD for 24 h. Then, the patient was transferred to the next intervention group. Data collection tool included a demographic questionnaire and a form for recording respiratory variables (including dynamic compliance, arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage, tidal volume, Peak Inspiratory Pressure and Positive End Expiratory Pressure). On the first day, after selecting the patient and recording the demographic information, when the patient needed suction, the patient's respiratory variables were recorded at three times including before suction, 5 and 25 min after suction, and the results were recorded as the basic information (control). During the second day, in addition to receiving routine respiratory care, before each suction, depending on the intervention group, the patients were subjected to MH or PD and respiratory variables were recorded before suctioning as well as 5 and 25 min after suction. On the third day, the patient was assigned to the next intervention group (crossover design) and the evaluation of respiratory variables was repeated and the results were recorded. Results: Based on the repeated measure ANOVA, atrial blood oxygen saturation (P value=0.001), tidal volume (P value=0.001) and dynamic compliance (P value=0.038) in the intervention groups, 25 min after suction were more than the control group, in favor of MH intervention comparing to PD intervention. Regarding the peak inspiratory pressure, the intervention of MH 25 min after suction created a significant decrease compared to the PD (P value=0.001). There was no significant difference in the PEEP between any of the study phases and the investigated times.  Conclusion: The findings reconfirmed the necessity of nursing interventions in order to manage airway secretions, and also showed that MH intervention is more effective than PD in improving the respiratory indicators. Therefore, while emphasizing the necessity of training HCWs for respiratory care and management of airway clearance in patients under mechanical ventilation, it is suggested to prepare evidence-based clinical guidelines emphasizing the superiority of MH intervention in order to improve the respiratory indicators of patients.}, Keywords = {Manual Hyperinflation, Postural Drainage, Respiratory Indices, Mechanical Ventilation, Intensive Care units}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {82-91}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/15.2.82}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-611-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-611-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, Golestaneh and Salmani, Fatemeh and Azarbarzin, Mehr}, title = {The Effect of Family Presence and Participation in Patient Care on the Level of Consciousness and the Parameters of Mechanical Ventilations of Brain Injury Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Semi-Experimental Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the basic needs of patients and families during hospitalization in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is the presence of a family member beside the patient. Family participation in patient care is accepted in public wards, but unfortunately in ICUs due to the structure and prohibition of visits in these wards, this issue faces many challenges. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family participation in patient care on the level of consciousness and the parameters of mechanical ventilation in brain injury patients admitted to the ICUs. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. Thirty brain injury patients who had referred to selected hospitals in Isfahan in 2020 were included in the study by available sampling. Patients were assigned to two groups of 15 intervention and control) by random assignment of permutation. In the first-degree family intervention group, family members were present bedside the patients for three days, twice a day at 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM and performed a family-centered care program. The control group received routine ward care. The level of consciousness and the parameters of the mechanical ventilations were recorded and measured 15 min before, during and after care. The results of the study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and using Chi-square, independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 20. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the level of consciousness of the two groups before the study was not statistically significant (P>0.05) but from the third day of the intervention, the mean level of consciousness was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the breathing rate and the tidal volume of the patients on the mechanical ventilations during three days (P>0.05). This is while the minute volume of the patients during the three days showed a significant difference in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that family participation in simple patient care in brain injury patients with low levels of consciousness can increase their level of consciousness. This means, certain conditions should be provided in such departments for family participation in simple care matters under the supervision of the ward nurses.}, Keywords = {Level of Consciousness, Family Participation, Intensive Care Unit, Brain Injury, Parameters of Mechanical Ventilation}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.1}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-619-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-619-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Sistanikarampour, Sara and Golaghaie, Farzaneh and Elahi, Nasrin and FarmahiniFarahani, Molou}, title = {The Effect of Communication Skills Training to Nurses on the Anxiety Level in Family Members of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Semi-Experimental Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Hospitalization of patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) often causes anxiety and psychological problems in family members. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of communication skills training to nurses on the anxiety in family members of patients admitted to ICUs. Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed in the ICU of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2017.The population consisted of nurses and family members of patients of admitted to internal and neurology ICU. Internal ICU and neurology departments were randomly divided into two groups. The nurses of the internal ICU department were in the intervention group and the nurses of the neurology department were in the control group. Fifty-five family members of patients from each department were selected through convenience sampling method. A communication skills training workshop was held for the nurses of the intervention group in three consecutive days. Family members’ anxiety was evaluated using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory the day of admission and the sixth day of hospitalization. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the average anxiety scores of the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P=0.38), but there was a statistically significant difference between the average anxiety scores of the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P<0.001). The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average anxiety scores of the intervention group before and after the intervention (P<0.001), but in the control group, there was no statistically significant difference between the average anxiety scores before and after the intervention (P=0.61). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, communication skills training for nurses reduced the anxiety of patients' family members. Moreover, since the favorable mental state of families has a significant effect on caring for the patient, the use of this method is recommended as an effective strategy in supporting patients' families.}, Keywords = {Communication Skills, Anxiety, Family, Intensive Care Unit, Nurse}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {13-21}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.13}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-646-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-646-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Khalafi, Ali and Roozbahani, Saba and Amiri, Fereshteh and Haghighizadeh, Mohammad Hosei}, title = {The Effect of Personalized Video Feedback on the Level of Endotracheal Intubation Knowledge of Bachelor of Science Students of Anesthesiology: A Quasi-Experimental Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The use of new educational methods for medical students is of great importance. Simulation method is one of these methods that can be used as personalized video feedback. The present study set to determine the effectiveness of personalized video feedback on the level of endotracheal intubation knowledge of anesthesiology students. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre-test and post-test design and a control group which was performed on anesthesiology students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Forty-six students were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups by using the block method. A researchers-made questionnaire of demographic characteristics of students and endotracheal intubation was used for data collection. A session of personalized video feedback was performed for the intervention group in addition to a one 90-min session of endotracheal intubation trainings using a mannequin. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean scores of endotracheal intubation knowledge of students before the intervention were 7.82)2.56(in the experimental group and 8.48)3.89(in the control group, which were not statistically significant (P=0.51). After the intervention in the experimental group, these scores changed to 11.64 )2.17(in the experimental group and 9.62)2.59) in the control group, which was a significant difference (P<0.001). Also, the mean scores of endotracheal intubation knowledge of students in the intervention group improved from the pre-test to post-test (P<0.001), while it was not so in the control group (P=0.19). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of personalized video feedback intervention on endotracheal intubation knowledge of anesthesiology students, it is suggested to use this method in teaching endotracheal intubation skills in anesthesia students and consider it as a part of the medical clinical education curriculum.}, Keywords = {Feedback, Endotracheal Intubation, Knowledge}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {22-30}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.22}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-628-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-628-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {SaadatKhah, Maryam and Jahani, Simin and MolaviNejad, Shahram and Cheraghian, Bahman and Bigdeli, Mohammad Hasan and Rooeintan, Mansooreh}, title = {The Impact of Using the Airway Care Score on the Success Rate of Extubation in Patients Hospitalized in Neurosurgical and Neurological Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The use of separation tools from the mechanical ventilation device compared to the usual methods implemented in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) can reduce unsuccessful extubation. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the impact of using the airway care score on the success rate of extubation in patients hospitalized in neurosurgical and neurologCal ICUs. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 98 patients with epidural, subdural and intra cerebral hemorrhage were selected based on the inclusion criteria and by convenience sampling method. According to the table of randomization blocks (permutation blocks) and by using the WinPepi software 11.4, they were randomized and assigned to two interventions (49 people) and control (49 people) groups. In the intervention group, extubation of patients was performed using the airway care score tool and in case of obtaining a score of seven or less. In the control group, patients were extubated based on the opinions and experiences of anesthesiologists. Results: In this study, the number of re-intubation cases in the intervention group was less than the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.2). Also, the duration of connection to the mechanical ventilation device (P=0.02) and endotracheal tube (P=0.018) and the duration of hospitalization in the ICU (P<0.001) in the intervention group were significantly less than the control group. Conclusion: The use of airway care score tool reduces the number of unsuccessful extubations but this difference was not statistically significant. Also, by using this tool, the duration of hospitalization of patients in neurosurgical and neurological ICUs, the duration of intubation and also the duration of connecting patients to mechanical ventilation were reduced. Therefore, due to the lack of awareness of nurses in ICUs about extubation tools and performing the extubation process in a traditional way, it is necessary to make necessary plans by relevant authorities to increase the awareness of nurses in this field.}, Keywords = {Airway Care Score, Extubation, Intensive Care Unit, Neurology, Neurosurgery}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {31-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.31}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-655-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-655-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Alazmani, Farshid and Torkmandi, Hojjat and Hasandoost, Roghayeh and Dinmohammadi, Mohammadrez}, title = {Inadvertent Hypothermia and Related Risk Factors among Trauma Patients in the Operating Room Department: A Prospective Observational Study}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Accidental hypothermia is a common complication in trauma patients. Hospitalization of these patients in the Operating Room (OR) can greatly affect the prevalence of inadvertent hypothermia. Due to the negative patient's outcomes, the aim of this study was to investigate its prevalence and related risk factors among trauma patients in the OR. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on trauma patients who underwent surgery in the OR department of the Educational and Treatment Center of Mousavi in Zanjan. In this study, 59 eligible patients were selected using convenience sampling method in December 2017. Individual, clinical, environmental and care variables related to hypothermia were collected by a researcher and recorded in a researcher-made data sheet. Results: The majority of patients (66.1%) were men. The mean and standard deviation of their age was 46.8 (17.7) years. The most common mechanism of trauma was blunt trauma (66.1%) and the main cause of trauma was motor vehicle crash (45.8%). The prevalence of accidental hypothermia in the OR was 67.8%. Eighteen independent variables were entered into the logistic regression model as factors related to accidental hypothermia, and in the final step of the model, low systolic blood pressure (OR=1.141, P=0.022), low blood oxygen saturation (OR=2.229, P=0.009), and inadequate clothing and coverage of patients (OR=8.354, P=0.039) were identified as risk factors. High OR ambient temperature (OR=0.126, P=0.035) and short duration of surgery (OR=0.086, P=0.016) also acted as protective factors. Conclusion: In the current study, a significant part of surgical patients was hypothermic during operation and factors such as surgery time, systolic blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, ambient temperature of the OR, and the condition of the patients' clothing were found to be effective in its development. This study has aimed to emphasize the need for early identification of hypothermia and effective management of related factors in order to prevent unwanted consequences.}, Keywords = {Accidental Hypothermia, Trauma, Core Body Temperature (CBT), Risk Factors, Operating Room, Surgery}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {40-48}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.40}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-654-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-654-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Maleki, Taher and Heravi-Karimooi, Majideh and Foroughan, Mahshid and Zayeri, Fari}, title = {Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in the Elderly with Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalized in Selected Hospitals in Tehran 2021: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) despite physical disorders can also lead to significant mental disturbances like anxiety and depression. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to assess the level of anxiety and depression in the elderly with acute coronary syndromes hospitalized in selected hospitals in Tehran 1400. Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2021. The study population included the elderly male and female patients (over 60 years old) who suffered from acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in selected hospitals in Tehran. For this purpose, 229 people were randomly selected to participate in the study. The Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used as questionnaries in this study. Results: Findings showed that with an increase of one unit of the anxiety score, if other variables were fixed, the depression score increased by an average of 0.45 units. Also, the results for other demographic variables showed that people with low education, having non-personal residence, lack of social support, families with more than four children, unemployed people and male gender had a higher depression score. Conclusion: Considering the existence of a significant relationship between anxiety and depression with the mentioned variables, it is suggested that health service providers and their families pay attention to elderly patients in order to reduce the level of anxiety and depression.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Elder}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {49-57}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.49}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-641-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-641-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Jafari-Oori, Mehdi and Dehi, Manigeh and sadeghi, Hajar and Jafari, Mojtab}, title = {The Lived Experience of Family Caregivers of Patients with Covid-19: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Caring for patients with Covid-19 is a challenging issue. Not only does Covid-19 disrupt the lives of patients, it may also have an unpleasant effect on their caregivers. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the caregivers' lived experience of caring for a family member infected with Covid-19. Methods: The present descriptive phenomenological study was conducted using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. Inductive and in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 caregivers of family members from April to July 2019 in Tehran. Results: In the present study, 17 caregivers of family members with the age range of 28 to 52 years who had the experience of directly caring for a family member infected with Covid-19 participated. Caregivers' experiences were classified into four themes and 11 sub-themes. The themes were: "heavy and dangerous care", "negative consequences", "helplessness" and "sacrifice". Conclusion: The present study showed the challenges of caregivers of family members of patients with covid-19 during the epidemic period. As the Covid-19 pandemic continues, the situation for caregivers may become more difficult and challenging. The most important issue in such a situation can be support, which in the form of government support in the form of financial and equipment, the support of the treatment staff in the form of training and the support of close acquaintances of the caregiver can moderate the challenges raised to some extent.}, Keywords = {Covid-19, Family Member Caregiver, Lived Experience, Qualitative Study}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {58-68}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.58}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-659-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-659-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Borzou, Seyed Reza and Cheraghi, Fatemeh and Khatiban, Mahnaz and molavivardanjani, mehdi}, title = {The Application of Callista Roy\'s Adaptation Model in the Care of a Patient with Burn Injury: A Case Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Burn is one of the most debilitating type of trauma. Preparing the patient to find the optimal way to deal with the disease as well as maintaining independence and happiness in life is an essential part of the treatment process for burn patients. The aim of this study was to apply the Callista Roy's adaptation model in the care of burn patients. Methods: This study was a case study that was conducted with the participation of a burn patient hospitalized in the burn ward of Besat Hospital in Hamedan city in 2022. Data were collected using observation, interview and patient documentation and were analyzed in four dimensions, based on the steps of the nursing process in Roy's adaptation model. Results: The results of the study showed that the patient had compatible and incompatible behaviors in physiological dimensions, adaptation of self-perception, role playing, independence and dependence. However, after nursing care based on Roy's adaptation model, some of these incompatible behaviors decreased. Also, based on the information obtained from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the application of the Roy's adaptation model reduced the patient's anxiety and depression in three stages. So that the overall score of the anxiety and depression questionnaire in the second and third time compared to the first time of completing the questionnaire decreased by 67% and 68%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the implementation of the nursing care program based on the Roy adaptation model can be effective on physical and psychological adaptation and reduction of incompatible behaviors in patients with burn injuries.}, Keywords = {Roy's Adaptation Model, Burn, Nursing Process, Adaptation}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {69-75}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.3.69}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-677-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-677-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Khalasi, Faeze and Heidari, Mohammad Reza and Norouzadeh, Reza and Haghani, Shim}, title = {Investigating the Relationship between Time Management and Occupational Stress of Nurses Working in Critical Care Units of Teaching Hospitals in Tehran, 2022: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Occupational stress reduces the efficiency, productivity and quality of work and affects the body, mind, behavior and job performance of a person. Having time management skills helps to prevent and control the consequences of occupational stress. This study aimed to determine the relationship between time management and occupational stress of critical care nurses. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was conducted on 350 nurses working in adult critical care units (CCU and ICU) of teaching hospitals in Tehran, 2022. Nurses were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The research data collection tool included the Condensed Nurses' Occupational Stress Scale (NOSS) and time management questionnaire. Results: In this study, 55.7% of nurses were women, and bachelor's education was the most frequent with 75.7%. In addition, 38% were between 30 and 39 years old and 58% were married. Time management of 45.4% of nurses was at a favorable level and 9.4% was at a very favorable level. None of the nurses had unfavorable time management. The mean and standard deviation of time management (based on 0 to 100) of nurses was 56.41 ± 19.67. The mean and standard deviation of occupational stress of nurses was 51.39 ± 10.77. Time management and its dimensions had a statistically significant negative correlation with occupational stress and its dimensions, that is, with increasing time management, occupational stress decreases (r = 0.638, p<001). The results of linear regression analysis showed that time management (adjustment of responsibilities and norms, management of requests and management of emotions) can explain 51% of nurses' occupational stress (p<0.05) Conclusion: According to findings, the majority of nurses had good time management, and with increasing time management, job stress decreased.}, Keywords = {Time Management, Occupational Stress, Nursing, Intensive Care Unit }, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.1}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-658-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-658-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Montazeri, Maryam and Rahgoi, Abolfazl and Fallahi, Masoud and Vahedi, Mohse}, title = {The Relationship Between Clinical Competence and Moral Courage of Nurses in Intensive Care Units of Hospitals Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Nursing is a care profession and nurses, due to their professional nature, need moral courage to provide safe and professional care to clients. On the other hand, one of the needs of nursing education is to improve the professional ethics skills of nurses in order to provide nursing care based on professional standards and ultimately to ensure proper clinical care. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between clinical competence and moral courage of nurses working in the intensive care units' hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences at 2020. Methods: This multicenter Cross-sectional Study was conducted on 350 nurses working in the intensive care units' hospitals of Tehran hospitals who were selected by quota method. The data collection tools of the study included demographic questionnaire, clinical competency questionnaire of intensive care unit nurses and moral courage questionnaire of Sekerka et al. Results: The mean scores of total moral courage and clinical competence in intensive care unit nurses were 74.24±12.22 and 155.10±23.37, respectively. There is a strong and significant direct relationship between moral courage and clinical competence of nurses (r=0.81 and p=0.001). Clinical competence in nurses with more work experience, older, working in the morning and day shifts and with formal and contract employment status was significantly higher than other nurses (p<0.001). Also, moral courage in male nurses, married, with more work experience, older, working in the morning and day shifts and with formal and contract employment status was significantly higher than other nurses (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, moral courage increases with increasing the clinical competence of nurses. Therefore, it requires the attention of as many officials as possible in this regard.}, Keywords = {Ethical Courage, Clinical Competence, Nurse, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.11}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-631-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-631-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Kolagari, Shohreh and Shahroodi, Mohadeseh and Sabzi, Zahra and HosseinzadehYounesi, Elyas}, title = {Cultural Competence of Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units and its Relationship with Demographic Factors: Two-center Cross-sectional Study}, abstract ={Background & Aim: The ability of nurses in cultural understanding in order to provide care in harmony with the patient's culture is a symbol of nurses' cultural competence. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the cultural competence of nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and its relationship with demographic factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 160 nurses working in ICUs and Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of two centers; 5- Azar and Shahid Sayad Shirazi, as referral centers for patients across the province and affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences. For data collection, convenience sampling method was used based on the inclusion criteria. The data collection instrument was a demographic form and a cultural competence questionnaire (51 items and 4 subscales). The reliability of the present study was 0.94. After obtaining an informed consent from the nurses, the questionnaires were completed. Data analysis in spss16 with descriptive statistics; frequency, average and standard deviation, as well as after determining normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test, with inferential statistics; multiple and univariate regression were performed. The significance level was 0.05. Results: Most of the nurses in ICU (59.1%, 75 people) and CCU (57.6%, 19 people) were male. The minimum age of research samples in both ICUs and CCUs was 23 years. The highest average score of cultural competency in both wards was related to the attitude towards cultural care (0.54±0.22), (0.56±23) and the lowest  score was cultural care knowledge (0.48±0.23) (0.44±0.22). The level of cultural competency in both ICUs and CCUs was reported to be weak (82.7%, 81.8%). Totally, the average score of cultural competency in the ICU was higher than the CCU, but there was no statistically significant difference. Also, none of the independent variables alone or in the presence of the other variables had  a significant effect on cultural competence. Conclusion: Considering the weak view of nurses towards cultural competency and regarding the fact that cultural care attitude had the highest average and cultural care knowledge had the lowest average, cultural competency training seems necessary to provide the highest level of care in CCUs. In this way, health system policy makers and nursing managers can move the cultural competency from cultural attitude to the preparation and implementation of cultural care by conducting educational workshops about culture and communication.}, Keywords = {Cultural Competency, ICU Nurse, CCU Nurse}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {20-27}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.21}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-669-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-669-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {ShirvaniFarsani, Sadegh and Heidari, Mohammad Reza and Naseri, Mohsen and Javadian, Parisa and Mardani, Saeed and Shirafkan, Ho}, title = {The Relationship between the Severity of Constipation and the Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Patients undergoing hemodialysis have various digestive problems such as constipation, which affects their quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the severity of constipation and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 hemodialysis patients as a census in four teaching hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The research tools included the demographic and clinical characteristics form and laboratory variables, the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) and the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Results: The mean total quality of life of the patients was 38.93±31.213. The relationship between the four subscales of quality of life and the severity of constipation revealed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the quality of life and its subscales with the severity of constipation (p<0.001). There was also a statistically significant relationship between the quality of life and the variable of education and employment status (p<0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between the subscale of concern and worry with weight (p=0.028) and between the subscale of satisfaction with hematocrit (p=0.043). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, there is a significant relationship between the quality of life and the severity of constipation and the variables of education and employment status. Also, a significant relationship was observed between the subscale of concern and worry with weight and between the subscales of satisfaction with hematocrit.}, Keywords = {Quality of Life, Haemodialysis, Constipation}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {28-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.29}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-678-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-678-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Aminipour, Taraneh and Abdi, Alireza and Moradi, Khalil and Salari, Nader}, title = {Investigation of Critical Care Family Needs of Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background & Aim: The family is one of the most important social institutions, and based on the principles of palliative care, the families of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are considered clients. Paying attention to their needs is essential and in line with holistic nursing care. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining critical care family needs of patients hospitalized in ICUs. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study. The target population was all the family members of the patients admitted to the ICUs of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in the first half of 2022, who were included in the study using non-random quota sampling. In order to collect data, the demographic profile form of participants and the clinical profile of patients and the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) were used. SPSS version 19 statistical software and independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Also, a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: The average age of the participants in the study was 42.4 years (minimum age 19 and maximum 78 years). Also, 52.7% of the family members of the patients hospitalized in the ICUs were male and 47.3% were female. About 31.9% had university education, 34.8% had diploma education and 33.3% had sub-diploma education. Also, 74.9% of people were married and 66.2% had children. The mean score of critical care family needs was 143.3 ± 17.2 (3.18 from the range between 1 and 4). The most important subscales of the care need of family members of patients hospitalized in ICUs were the need for assurance, comfort, information, proximity, and support. Conclusion: The level of critical care family needs was in high range. Also, the level of need for support was the lowest and the level of need for assurance was the highest. Due to the fact that assessing and providing the needs of family members is in line with holistic nursing, therefore, the feeling of high care needs of these people indicates the greater importance of nurses in this matter, especially because patients hospitalized in the special care department have special and more acute conditions. While providing accurate nursing care for patients, they should also try to meet the care needs of their families.}, Keywords = {ICU, Family Needs, Patients}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {40-49}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.41}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-676-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-676-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {AsadpourAsl, Atefeh and Tabari, Fariba and Haghani, Shima and Navidhamidi, Mozhdeh}, title = {Comparison of the Accuracy of two Instruments of Cortisol Level and a Questionnaire in Diagnosing the Level of Preoperative Anxiety in Patients who are Candidates for Thyroidectomy Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Diagnosing the level of anxiety of patients before surgery can reduce many challenges during and after the operation. Therefore it is necessary to use tools that have high accuracy in diagnosing the level of anxiety. The present study was designed with the aim of comparing the accuracy of two instruments of cortisol level and anxiety measurement questionnaire in diagnosing the level of preoperative anxiety in patients who were candidates for thyroidectomy surgery. Methods: The current clinical trial study was designed to compare the accuracy of two preoperative anxiety measurement tools in thyroidectomy patients in 2019. The selection of samples was done by available sampling method with random allocation through blocks of four. In the test group, awareness was given through peers, and in the control group, routine care was provided. Before and after the intervention, Spielberger questionnaire was completed and salivary cortisol measurement was done for 78 people (39 people in the test group and 39 people in the control group) by patients admitted to Valiasr General Surgery Department and Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Results: The independent t-test showed that the amount of salivary cortisol after the intervention in the test group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001), while the Spielberger questionnaire did not show a significant difference between the anxiety scores of the two groups after the intervention (p=0.397) Conclusion: Since cortisol is not affected by situational factors, it is a more accurate tool than the questionnaire to measure anxiety. However, it is recommended to use a combination of physiological and chemical tools in order to measure the level of anxiety.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Awareness Raising, Cortisol, Questionnaire, Thyroidectomy, Spielberger}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {50-58}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.51}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-684-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-684-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shomalinasab, Esmat and Esmaeilie, Maryam and Shali, Mahboobeh and Maroufizadeh, Sam}, title = {Investigating the Relationship between Resilience and Uncertainty and its Intolerance in Nurses Working in Special Care Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are considered one of the most complex hospital units due to their high sensitivity. Therefore, nurses face challenges such as uncertainty that can affect nursing performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between resilience and uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty among nurses working in ICUs. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. By using the stratified random sampling method, 237 nurses working in adult ICUs in hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected in 2022. Data were collected through demographic information questionnaires, uncertainty questionnaire and uncertainty intolerance questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The mean resilience score of nurses participating in the study was 20.4 with a standard deviation of 2.6. Furthermore, 75% of nurses achieved the average level of resilience. There was a significant positive correlation between resilience scores and intolerance of uncertainty in nurses (p<0.001, r=0.213) and a significant but weak positive correlation between resilience and uncertainty scores in nurses (p=0.004, r=0.188). So that with the increase of nurses' resilience scores, their uncertainty score generally increased. Conclusion: The findings revealed that uncertainty and its intolerance have an inverse relationship with resilience, and this shows that uncertainty and its intolerance are complex concepts and components that can be affected by several factors that require further study in this area. On the other hand, resilience cannot be the solution to all the problems of nurses in clinical environments. As the findings in this study showed, increasing resilience has not been able to reduce uncertainty and intolerance, and this finding can be the beginning of other studies to identify predictors of uncertainty and intolerance.}, Keywords = {Resilience, Uncertainty, Nursing, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {59-68}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.59}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-681-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-681-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {MahmoodiNodezh, Mojtaba and Amirfakhrayi, Azita and Samavi, Abdolvahab}, title = {The Effectiveness of Emotional Regulation Training on Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Psychological Capital of those who have Recovered from Covid-19: A Semi-Experimental Study}, abstract ={Background & Aim: The covid-19 pandemic has caused post-traumatic stress symptoms and a decrease in psychological capital in people. To solve these problems, interventions such as emotion management are needed. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotional management training on post-traumatic stress symptoms and psychological capital of those who have recovered from Covid-19. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design along with a control group. The statistical population included those who recovered from Covid-19 in Bandar Abbas city in 2019. Among them, 27 people who recovered from Covid-19 were selected and replaced randomly by lottery in two experimental and control groups (13 people in the experimental group and 14 people in the control group). The people in the experimental group received emotional management training (10 sessions) and one session every week. The questionnaires used in this research included post-traumatic stress symptoms and psychological capital. Results: The results showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the average scores of post-traumatic stress symptoms and the reduction of psychological capital in the intervention and control groups, but there was a statistically significant difference between the average scores in the intervention and control groups after the intervention. The mean and standard deviation of post-traumatic stress symptoms in the post-test was 41.46 ± 8.55 and psychological capital was 64.07 ± 9.86 (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, emotion management training reduced post-traumatic stress symptoms and increased psychological capital in those who recovered from Covid-19. Since the favorable mental state of the patient has an effect on his recovery, the use of this method is recommended as an effective strategy to reduce the psychological problems of patients.}, Keywords = {Emotional Regulation, Post-Traumatic Stress, Psychological Capital, Covid-19}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {69-76}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, doi = {10.30491/JCC.15.4.69}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-686-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-686-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2022} }