@article{ 
author = {Zamani, Pariya and mohammadi, hiwa and feyzi, hossei},  
title = {Comparison of Dialysis Adequacy in Permanent Vascular Access Methods}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: A well-functioning vascular access is a mainstay and vital to perform an efficient hemodialysis in hemodialysis patients. Vascular access includes Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) and temporary or permanent central venous catheter. Dialysis adequacy is an essential element in the management of chronic Hemodialysis (HD) treatment as the adequacy of the dose has a profound effect on the patient's morbidity and mortality. Various factors affect the adequacy of dialysis including vascular access. The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between vascular access type and dialysis adequacy in HM patients. Methods: All patients undergoing HM referring to the dialysis ward of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj city were selected by census method. Patients were divided into two groups according to vascular access type (AVF or permanent CVC). The Kt/V was used as the gold standard for measuring the adequacy of dialysis. Laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, phosphorus, albumin and parathyroid hormone were recorded. Finally, socio-demographic information and treatment characteristics were collected. Results: The patients were divided into two groups: arterial-venous fistula (n=74) and permanent catheter (n=69). The mean KT/V in patients was 1.32±0.28. There was no significant difference in dialysis adequacy between the two groups. Also, the laboratory parameters in the two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: Findings revealed that dialysis adequacy in patients with permanent vascular access (arteriovenous fistula or permanent central venous catheter ) is highly efficient. Therefore, these methods can be used in their indications. In terms of improving laboratory tests, further studies are needed to clarify this issue.},  
Keywords = {Vascular Access, Dialysis Adequacy, Hemodialysis},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-7}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-520-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-520-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sabzalizadeh, Samaneh and Peyrovi, Hamid and Haghani, Shima and Bozorgzad, Parisa and Ehsani, Maryam},  
title = {Family Satisfaction of Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units of Selected Educational-Medical Centers of Iran University of 
Medical Sciences, 2019}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: The mission of health systems is to ensure community health by providing optimal health services. One of the methods to evaluate health services is patient satisfaction. On the other hands, unconscious patients have unable to decide and assess their treatment processes in intensive care units ( ICU); Therefore, satisfaction assessment should be measure just through a family of admitted patients, the study aim is to determine the family satisfaction of ICU admitted patients  the in educational and medical centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 385 family members of ICU admitted patients, who were selected by consecutive sampling method. Data collection tool was FS-ICU 24 questionnaire. Results: According to the results of this study, the average score of satisfaction of all family members was 54.22 and higher than the average score (50). Among the dimensions of satisfaction, the highest mean score was related to the dimension of care measures with an average of 55.56 and the lowest mean was related to the dimension of participation in decision making with an average of 50.17. Conclusion: The overall family satisfaction of ICU admitted patients was lower than studies in other countries. In addition, despite the importance of the family members involvement in patient-related decisions, the level of satisfaction was far below all dimensions of satisfaction. Such a finding highlights the need for health care providers to pay more attention to the needs of family members of ICU admitted patients, to involve them in the decision-making process and to promote communication between medical staff and family members.},  
Keywords = {Satisfaction, Care, Famil, Intensive Care Units},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {8-16}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-527-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-527-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alavizerang, Fatemeh and Rajai, Nahid and Nehrir, Batool},  
title = {The Relationship of Professional Self-Concept and Occupational Stress Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units: A Correlation Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Nurses working in intensive cares unit are regularly "affected" by stressors in the workplace, professional self-concept is part of the care structure and affects the performance of the nurse and helps nurses in various roles to deal with Overcoming stressful working conditions to have better care of patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between professional self-concept and Occupational stress of nurses working in intensive care units in teaching hospitals in Tehran. Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational study. In 2020, it was performed on 126 nurses working in the intensive care unit in Tehran. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ) and the standardized Job Stress Scale. Results: Results showed that the total mean score of professional self-concept in pediatric nurses was 216.56±35.92 and the total mean score of occupational stress in nurses Working in Intensive Care Units was 39.09±4.79.The highest score were respectively related to dimensions of care (39.42±6.28) and communication (39.06±5.89) and the mean scores in other dimensions were also moderate. Moreover, there was a negative linear correlation between occupational stress and professional self-concept. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, Occupational stress decreases with increasing the professional self-concept of nurses in intensive care units. Therefore, it requires the attention of as many officials as possible in this regard.},  
Keywords = {Nurse Intensive Care Units, Occupational Stress, Professional Self-Concept},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {17-26}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-532-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-532-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shojaefar, Fahimeh and Saeedinejad, Farib},  
title = {The Effect of Scheduled Appointments on the Views of Nurses and Families of Patients Admitted to the General Intensive Care Unit}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Admission in intensive care units is a crisis for the patient and family and the critical condition of patients admitted to intensive care units or the possibility of their death in these wards necessitates the need for their families’ visits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of scheduled visitation from the perspective of nurses and families of patients admitted to the general intensive care unit. Methods: The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design in 2019. The participants were 60 nurses working in adult intensive care units and 197 families of patients admitted to the ICU who were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used to collect the data were a demographic information registration form to record the nurses’ demographic data, the Beliefs and Attitudes Visitation Questionnaire (BAVIQ) to assess the nurses' beliefs, and the Attitudes Evaluation Questionnaire to survey the families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. In this study, patients' families were asked to be present at the patient's bedside for 6 days and perform the trained procedures. The patients' families completed the Attitudes Evaluation Questionnaire before and after the intervention. The nurses also completed the BAVIQ questionnaire before and after the research project. Results: The results showed that 68.3% of the nurses were female, 48.3% were in the age group of 30-45 years, 56.7% were married, 45% of them were working contractually, and 81.7% were working in rotating shifts. Besides, the results of the paired samples t-test showed that the nurses' views about visitation were significantly different before and after the intervention (p<0.001).However, the Patients' family attitudes had not significantly different views toward scheduled visitation before and after the intervention (Pvalue=0.375). Conclusion: The present study suggested that the nurses had positive views about the presence of families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit and there is a conducive context for the presence of the patients 'families. However, the patients' families reported a negative view. Accordingly, some measures must be taken to prepare the families emotionally with the training given to them and make them familiar with the positive effects of attending their patient's bedside.},  
Keywords = {Scheduled Appointments, Nurses' Point of View, Patients' Families' Point of View, Intensive Care Unit},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {27-35}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-542-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-542-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rivaz, Mozhgan and Tavakolinia, Mahboobeh and KeshtvarzHesamabadi, Ali Mohamm},  
title = {Assessing Nurses’ Perception of Nursing Professional Practice Environment in Intensive Care Units; Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Intensive care unit (ICU) is a complex and dynamic unit with multiple interventions to recover critical and unstable patients. Nurses' perception of the components of the nursing professional practice environment (NPPE) in these units can be effective in retaining qualified and expert nurses.The aim of the study was to investigate the nurses' perception of the NPPE in ICU hospitals affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Materials & Methods:The present study is descriptive cross-sectional, multi-centered study was conducted in 20 ICUs of five teaching hospitals affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between 2018 to 2019. The research population consisted of 350 nurses working in various adult ICUs who were selected by the stratified random sampling with a proportional allocation. Data were collected using the Nursing Professional Performance Inventory (NPPEI) designed and validated in Iran. Results The mean score for the NPPEI was 38. 2±2. 5. “Effective leadership” and “Policy Transparency “domains obtained the highest (45.5±3.9) and lowest (31.2±3.1) scores. There was not significantly correlated between the demographic data and the NPPEI score (p>0.05). Conclusion The results of the present study showed that nurses' perception of the NPPE in ICU is relatively favorable. Therefore, considering the importance of workplace attributes in attracting and retaining qualified nurses, nursing managers and health policy-makers should attempt for frequent monitoring and promotion of the critical wards.},  
Keywords = {Workplace, Nurse, Intensive Care Unit},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {36-43}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-537-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-537-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Baghbanian, Reza and Shafafi, Amirhosein and Soltani, Farhad and Amiri, Fereshteh and Rashidi, Mahboobeh and Savaie, Mohse},  
title = {Comparison of Bronchospasm Diagnosis Based on Clinical Examination with Calculation of Airway Resistance Based on Ventilator Data in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Mechanical ventilation is the most basic supportive care in patients admitted to the intensive care units. Some factors such as increase in airway resistance due to bronchospasm, may affect ventilation, that measured by different methods. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnosis of bronchospasm based on the calculation of airway resistance using ventilator data and clinical examination in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 180 patients, who admitted in the intensive care units of Ahvaz teaching hospitals and undervent mechanical ventilation. Patients were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria and were evaluated daily in terms of increasing airway resistance in two ways: clinical examination (presence of wheezing or Ronchi) and ventilator data (calculation of airway resistance). Data was recorded in a researcher-made checklist. Results: Among 180 patients enrolled in the study, the mean age was 57.77±18.95 years. There was a significant relationship between diabetes, asthma, hypertension and hyperlipidemia with an increase in airway resistance (P<0.05). Airway resistance was higher in women than men (P=0.004). There was a statistically significant difference between airway resistance detection through clinical examination and airway resistance detection based on ventilator data (p <0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that detecting increased airway resistance through ventilator data was more sensitive than physical examination, So the use of it, in patient management is recommended.},  
Keywords = {Bronchospasm, Mechanical ventilation, Airway resistance, Critical care unit},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {44-53}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-529-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-529-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KordSalarzehi, Fatemeh and Jahantigh, Mojgan and RahatDahmardeh, Alireza and AnsariMoghadam, Somayeh and Yaghoubinia, Farib},  
title = {Comparison of the Effect of Comprehensive Oral Care Program and Combined Toothbrush and Mouthwash Program on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Clinical Trial Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Inadequate oral care in intubated patients leads to decreased salivation, dry mouth, dental plaque, gingivitis and accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in the mouth and throat and aspiration of the contents of the mouth into the trachea and subsequently causes ventilator associated pneumonia. Two mechanical and chemical methods have been recommended for oral care, and contradictory results have been reported regarding its effects on ventilator associated pneumonia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of comprehensive oral care program and combination of toothbrush and mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients under mechanical ventilation. Materials: The current study is a clinical trial that was performed in the intensive care unit of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan in 2020. 90 ventilated patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected and then randomly allocated by permutation block into three groups of comprehensive oral care program, combined toothbrush program and chlorhexidine and control groups. Data collection tools were demographic information form, Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS) and Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS). Results: The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was lower in the intervention groups than in the control group, But there was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumonia between the three groups. (P=0.168) Conclusion: The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the use of a comprehensive oral care program, a combined program of toothbrush and chlorhexidine 0.2% and the control group were not different from each other and in fact these methods were not superior to each other in this regard. However, considering that clinically the incidence of pneumonia was lower in the intervention groups than in the control group, it indicates that a special care program or instruction should be used, while training health care workers based on specific instructions in the oral care is recommended.},  
Keywords = {Comprehensive Oral Care Program, Combined Program, Ventilator associated Pneumonia, Intensive Care Unit},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {54-61}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-538-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-538-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zareipour, Moradali and Jadgal, Mohammad Saeed and AhmadiAghziyarat, Najaf},  
title = {Telehomecare for Chemical Veterans in the COVID-19 Pandemic}, 
abstract ={Letter to the Editor The Importance of Telehomecare in the Covid-19 Epidemic The corona virus is spreading rapidly around the world these days and many countries have been infected with this virus. Corona is actually a vast family of viruses that cause respiratory infections from a simple cold to the SARS-CoV2 epidemic that broke out in 2019. The Covid-19, the newest member of this family, known as Corona in Iran, is expanding rapidly [1-2]. The spread of this disease has affected the health and medical care system and is rapidly moving health care to new ways of providing services. There is no doubt that the current global crisis of Covid-19, due to the high prevalence of the Corona virus disease and the limitations of face-to-face visits, is now more than ever applied to digital methods (Computers, Multimedia Computer Networks, Internet, Telephone ...) optimizing health care. Telehomecare (THC) is now an effective way to provide medical care as well as distance education and is used in a variety of methods such as THC [3]. THC is a subset of telemedicine. This includes providing health care to patients at home through the use of telecommunication technologies, which enable the interaction of audio, video and health-related data. THC includes a wide range of health care through education, emotional and social support, dissemination of information and self-care assistance and suggestions [4]. The implementation of THC helps to better manage patients with chronic diseases such as heart disease, COPD, diabetes, etc. and reduces the number of people referring to primary health care services. THC increases access to health care, especially as the need for homecare increases with age [5]. In addition, THC can help build service networks between hospitals and primary care providers, giving patients better access to services. In addition to improving the management of chronic conditions and increasing access to health care, THC believes that it reduces health care costs [6].   Chemical Veterans and Care Challenges in the covid-19 Epidemic Chemical warfare victims are more at risk of contracting and dying from Covid-19 because under normal circumstances, they are struggling with pain and suffering from the diseases left from the eight-year war. This virus has made them even more short of breath. In particular, chemical warfare veterans suffer from acute problems due to respiratory and pulmonary problems with the smallest disease related to the respiratory system. This means paying attention and care to this group in the Covid-19 epidemic should be considered as a priority [7].   The health and longevity of chemical warfare victims are under serious threat due to the following reasons: Respiratory problems in different groups of chemical warfare victims. Progressive nature of lesions caused by some chemical agents. Side effect of drugs used in the treatment of long-term chemical lesions. The effect of complications due to other injuries associated with complications related to chemical agents. Complications due to aging or related anxiety to war casualties. Occurrence of long-term factors caused by chemical agents of war [7]. Among the mentioned cases, the highest frequency is related to respiratory complaints among chemical warfare victims who are at risk of respiratory attacks at any time, which leaves many worries for the family. These war wounded are prone to lung failure and respiratory problems due to lung infections, so that now, years after the imposed war, they are suffering from a high degree of martyrdom due to these complications [8]. Careful and adequate care of patients at home or in nursing homes can help ease and improve them. Not being exposed to polluted air and using oxygen and humid air is effective in improving their quality of life. On the other hand, chemical warfare veterans, have more respiratory problems and lung involvement as soon as they receive any virus [7]. Chemical warfare victims have actually lost a part of their lungs and are prone to any respiratory and lung diseases and many of these people have immune deficiencies in their body system and suffer from a variety of diseases, especially respiratory, which must be prevented under special conditions and special preventive regulations [9]. Therefore, it seems that due to the fact that the coronavirus infects the lungs and the risk of transmitting the disease during the visit, and due to the overcrowding in the comprehensive health service centers, THC is essential in the Covid-19 era in this group. Chumbler et al. studied the effect of providing home medical services on veterans with diabetes for two years, and the results of this study showed that patients were more satisfied due to fewer visits to medical centers and incur lower treatment costs [10]. Thus, THC provides the opportunity to move many health care services from hospitals and other health care centers to patients' homes, thereby reducing the burden on the health care system and keeping the hospital in critical condition. Veterans' homecare approach promotes disease management more effectively. It also estimates the health needs of chemical warfare victims using Telehealth technologies at home to maintain their disease management ability [11].   Applications of THC among Chemical Veterans Some of the applications of THC for chemical warfare victims that the authors suggest are: telemedicine, distance consultation, e-learning, distance prevention, distance monitoring, distance diagnosis, distance rehabilitation, distance respiratory disease treatment, distance ultrasound imaging, distance pathology, and distance cognitive disorder treatment. The benefits of THC for chemical warfare victims include: facilitating the sharing and transfer of information and thus quick access to medical information, the possibility of information integration, reducing travel time for veterans, reducing costs, distance care, distance counseling, benefiting from the opinions of more specialists and physicians and increasing interaction and exchange of opinions and recommendations between them, providing distance education opportunities, distance radiology and pathology, diagnosis of mental, heart, skin and distance surgery is a good example of the importance of THC.   Conclusion THC can provide services to veterans at home, regardless of time and place. Veterans, who have special conditions, including chemical warfare victims with respiratory problems and chronic illness, can receive medical advice without going to a health center, thus reducing health care costs and veterans' time is saved. The length of hospital stay decreases with the use of this technology and the independence of veterans and self-management in veterans increases. THC provides an opportunity to continue and improve the education process. Finally, THC will reduce the risk of the Covid-19 disease in chemical warfare victims.},  
Keywords = {Letter to editor},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-5}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-534-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-534-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Keyvanlou, Fatemeh and Saeid, Yaser and Vafadar, Zohreh},  
title = {The Effect of the Role of Intensive Care Units\' Liaison Nurse on Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: In recent years, the role of liaison nurse in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) has been considered to develop inter-professional collaboration along with continued advanced care during the transfer of critically ill patients from ICUs to general wards. In this regard, a systematic review study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the role of the nurse liaison of ICUs on improving the outcomes of patients. Methods: This systematic review study was conducted in 2020 by searching international scientific databases that had full coverage of nursing texts including Scopus, Pub Med, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar as well as internal scientific databases including SID and Magiran. Searching was performed by the keywords "Nurse" "Intensive Care Unit" and "Patient Outcomes" between 2005 and November 2020. The articles were critically evaluated using the Jadad tool and out of a total of 335 initially retrieved articles, 13 selected articles entered the final review stage. Results: The findings of 13 final articles showed that liaison nurses in ICUs have a positive effect on patient outcomes including: increasing satisfaction, reducing relocation anxiety, reducing the duration of hospitalization and readmission, reducing the incidence of side effects, and accelerating the recovery of patients. This is while they had no effect on improving the level of consciousness, laboratory parameters and some hemodynamic indicators. Conclusion: Although the evidence of the present review shows a positive effect of this role on the outcomes of patients, but in some studies, these effects have not been statistically significant. To confirm the effectiveness of the role of nurse liaison in ICUs, studies with different quantitative and qualitative research approaches and larger sample sizes and different research environments are needed.},  
Keywords = {Liaison Nurse, Intensive Care Unit, Patient Outcomes},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {6-15}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-539-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-539-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rezaei, Golestaneh and Salmani, Fatemeh and Azarbarzin, Mehr},  
title = {The Effect of Family-Centered Care on Physiological Parameters of Brain Injury Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Units}, 
abstract ={Background & Aim: Despite the negative opinions of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) staff about the presence of the family next to the patient, many studies have shown that family-centered care can be effective in meeting this need as well as the comfort and physiological parameters of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered care on the physiological parameters of brain injury patients admitted to ICUs in the selected hospitals in Isfahan, in 2020. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 30 brain injury patients who had referred to the selected hospitals in Isfahan in 2020 were included in the study using available sampling and were assigned to two groups of 15 intervention and control by random assignment of permutation. In the intervention group, the patients' first-degree families were present beside the patient for three days and twice a day at 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM and performed a family-centered care program. The control group received routine ward care. Physiological parameters were recorded and measured 15 minutes before, during and after care. Results: The findings showed that the mean of physiological parameters such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and arterial blood oxygen saturation in the intervention group was significantly different compared to the control group (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the physiological parameters such as the diastolic blood pressure of the intervention group (P >0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that family-centered care causes significant changes in the physiological parameters of patients which eventually leads to relaxation in patients. Therefore, it should be possible for the closest family members to be present beside their patients in an appropriate time with adequate training in regards to family-centered care.},  
Keywords = {Physiological Parameters, Family-Centered Care, Intensive Care Unit, Brain Injury},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {16-28}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-558-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-558-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HaghighiMoghadam, Yusef and ValizadehHasanloui, Mohammad ami},  
title = {Comparative study on the Predictive Power of some Respiratory and Physiological Criteria in the Consequences of Weaning from Ventilator}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: weaning of ventilator-dependent patients has always been associated with serious and risky challenges. Some measurable categories exist that predict the consequences of weaning. Due to the multiplicity of these categories, the researchers of this study decided to conduct a study to identify the most important categories in the patient's readiness for weaning from the ventilator and its consequences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 96 ventilator-dependent patients were included randomly. Patient`s respiratory criteria and physiological parameters were measured in three time intervals. Patients were divided in two, successful and unsuccessful of weaning groups. By following each of the respiratory and physiological criteria and using regression test statistics and plotting the rock curve, the power of each of the above criteria in predicting the weaning consequences were plotted. Results: The Odds Ratio (OR) for failure in weaning increases with increasing Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI) at all three time intervalss. Also, the results showed that the criteria of RSBI before taking out the endotracheal tube with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 88% and a surface below the curve of 0.82 in comparison with other criterions had the greatest effect in predicting failure in weaning. Conclusion: Among the clinical criteria available to assess the probability of failure in the weaning, compared to other criteria, RSBI has a better sensitivity and specificity.},  
Keywords = {Consequences of Weaning Ventilator, Critical Care Nursing, Respiratory and Physiological Criteria},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {29-37}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-541-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-541-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Fatemeh and Hanifi, Nasrin and Bahraminegad, Nasri},  
title = {Investigating the Relationship between Nurses\' Mental Workload and the Quality of Care Services in Intensive Care Unit}, 
abstract ={Background & Aim: Mental workload of nurses increases their fatigue, and result in adverse consequences for patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nurses' mental workload and the quality of care services in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted in 2019 in Zanjan. In this study, NASA-TLX tool with a score of zero to 100 was used to assess the mental workload of nurses. For this purpose, the mental workload of 38 ICU nurses was assessed 138 times. In addition, the quality of care was observed in 300 patients using a researcher-made checklist.    Results: the mean mental workload of nurses was 81.53±0.987. The average score of care quality out of 100 scores was 70.28±11.06. Among the mean scores of care dimensions, the emergency measures was lower than other dimensions along with poor performance level. In other cases, patient care scores were above 50, indicating good or excellent quality of care. There was no statistically significant relationship between nurses' mental workload and their quality of care. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mental workload of ICU nurses was high. The quality of nursing care seems to be poorly related to the nurses’ mental workload. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the reasons for decrease in quality of care with qualitative studies.},  
Keywords = {Workload, Nurses, NASA, Quality of Health Care, Critical Care},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {38-47}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-559-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-559-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ChoobiAnzali, Babak and Paryab, Sahar and garkaz, omid and Faramarzi, Negar and Mehryar, hamidrez},  
title = {Relationship between the Time Interval between the Onset of Stroke Symptoms and Referral to the Emergency Department with Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Cerebrovascular Accidents}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Early referral after stroke and the use of modern intravenous therapies and blood pressure control accelerates the improvement of post-stroke symptoms. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between the time interval between the onset of stroke symptoms and referral to the emergency department with demographic characteristics of patients with cerebrovascular accidents referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in the first half of 2018. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 296 patients who had referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in the first half of 2018 by census method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire. Results: In this study, the mean age of patients was 68.87±14.75 years, of which 153 (51.7%) were male and 143 (48.3%) were female. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the emergency room was 36.21±4.04 hours, the mean time required to reach the emergency room was 35.98± 2.48 minutes and the mean distance to the time of arrival to the emergency room was 41.11±3.95 km. In this study, 291 patients (98.3%) had ischemic stroke and five patients (1.7%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Distance, level of education of both the patient and the patients' companions and the mode of transmission had a significant relationship with the delay in visiting the hospital emergency department. Conclusion: The results of the present study, showed that the time to refer to hospitals to treat patients after a stroke has a high average. Factors such as long distance to treatment centers, the way patients are transferred, the level of education which can actually indicate insufficient knowledge in clinical signs of stroke were involved in this affair.},  
Keywords = {Stroke, Emergency, Demographic profile},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {48-57}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-552-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-552-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Neda and Paryab, sahar and garkaz, omid and Razavi, Shiva and Mehryar, Hamid Rez},  
title = {Evaluating the Risk Factors for Managed Wounds in Trauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital 2018}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Wound management of trauma patients is one of the most important and common measures in the emergency departments. Following trauma, hemodynamic and metabolic changes occur in the body that are sometimes very complex and lead to many complications and deaths, even with great care. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for managed wounds in trauma patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on all trauma patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia from October 1, 2017 to March 20, 2018 by census. Data were collected using a checklist which included demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, wound characteristics and wound management of patients in terms of complications and recovery in the sixth month according to the Vancouver Oscar criteria. Results: Among the 350 studied patients, 86 (24.6%) were female and 264 (75.4%) were male and the mean age of patients was 37.3±11.1 years. The most common complications were infection (9%) and inflammation around the wound (5%). Smoking (P<0.05), diabetes (P = 0.03) and wound infection (P = 0.03) were associated with infection, Antibiotic prophylaxis (P=0.02) and keeping the wound clean were also associated with a reduced incidence of infection (P=0.01). The mean degree of wound was 6.4 ± 2.3 at the beginning of admission for patients and 3.1±1.6 after six months. Statistical evaluations revealed that there was a significant decrease in the degree of wounds after six months (P=0.001). Conclusion: Diabetes and smoking are common risk factors for infection and reduced wound healing.},  
Keywords = {Wound, Emergency, Risk Factors, Trauma Patients},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {58-65}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-553-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-553-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KazemiDaluee, Ali and Shahhabizadeh, Fatemeh and Nasry, Maryam and Samari, AliAkbar},  
title = {The Effective of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with and without Mindfulness Exercises on Illness Perception and Depression Hemodialysis Patients}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The kidney disease has many psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy before dialysis, with and without mindfulness exercise during dialysis on depression and illness perception during a two-month follow-up period. Methods: This study was a three-group clinical trial with a repeated measures method. Sixty patients were purposefully selected and were randomly located in experimental groups (First group; acceptance and commitment, second group; acceptance and commitment therapy with mindfulness exercises) and control. The research instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ). Results: Depression significantly reduced in the first and second experimental group (P<0.001). Also, in both experimental groups compared to the control group, depression decreased (P<0.05). In addition, in the first and second groups, disease perception increased (P<0.01). However, changes in disease perception in the follow-up period in the second group (P>0.05) remained stable contrary to the results of the first group (P<0.05).  The effectiveness of the intervention in the second group was significant compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to reduce depression and its combination with mindfulness exercise is effective in improving cognitive processes of hemodialysis patients.},  
Keywords = {Hemodialysis, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness, Exercise, Depression, Perception Illness},
volume = {14},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1-11}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.221/JCC.14.3.1},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-557-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-557-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Amini, Nasim and Kashaki, Mandana and Rasoulo, Mahboobeh and Borimnejad, Leili},  
title = {The Effect of Teach-Back Education on the Health Literacy Level of Mothers of Premature Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Health literacy as one of the effective social components in community health needs special attention. This is especially important for mothers who are responsible for caring for their premature babies. Nurses, as the front line of communication with these mothers, are obliged to recognize and select effective methods to promote health literacy in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teach-back education on the health literacy level of mothers of premature neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 128 mothers with premature neonates who had referred to the NICU of hospitals affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences were. Mothers were nonrandomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the educational needs of the mother were determined through the Parent Health Literacy Activities questionnaire. Then, education to the mothers was done in a teach-back approach. In the control group, mothers received routine care. Maternal health literacy levels in both groups were assessed before and three months after discharge. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of health literacy score before the intervention (P=0.372). However, the health literacy score was higher in the experimental group compared to control group three months after the intervention (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in the health literacy score before and three months after the intervention in the experimental group (P<0.001). In the control group, there was no significant difference in terms of the health literacy score before and three months after the intervention (P=0.059). Conclusion: This study showed that teach-back education improves the health literacy of mothers with premature neonates. Therefore, it is suggested that nurses use this educational method to improve the health literacy of mothers with premature neonates during discharge.},  
Keywords = {Teach-back education, premature neonates, mothers, health literacy},
volume = {14},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {12-20}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.221/JCC.14.3.12},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-547-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-547-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Raesi, Rasoul and Mirzaei, Abasat and Saghari, Sam and Raei, Mehdi and Bokaie, Saied and Hushmandi, Kiavash},  
title = {Investigating the Effect of Tele-Nursing on the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of COVID- 19 Patients}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: The effects of COVID-19 not only disrupt patients' lives, but also affect caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tele-nursing on the care burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients discharged from 22 Bahman Khaf Hospital. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 120 family caregivers of COVID-19 patients from the beginning of May 2020 to the end of October 2020. Samples were selected by Convenience Sampling and were randomly divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). In the intervention group, training was performed through care load-based tele-nursing for a period of one month while no intervention was performed for the control group. Both groups completed the Zarit Care Questionnaire before and one month after the intervention. Results: In the experimental group, the mean score of total care pressure and its components after the intervention was significantly lower than before (p <0.001), but in the control group, the mean score of total care pressure and its components (except objective pressure before and after the intervention) was not significantly different (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Tele-nursing training reduces the burden of care in family caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is suggested that health managers, by creating appropriate policies, put the implementation of the tele-nursing process in the family caregivers of COVID-19 patients on their agenda.},  
Keywords = {Tele-nursing, Caring burden, Family interlocutor, COVID 19​​​​​​​},
volume = {14},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {21-29}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.221/JCC.14.3.21},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-564-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-564-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rivaz, Mozhgan and Khorram, Bagher and Yousefinya, Amirhossei},  
title = {Assessment of the Painful and Anxious Procedures in the Open-Heart Surgical Intensive Care Unit and its Effect on the Hemodynamic Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Postoperative anxiety and pain are still a common problem among intensive care patients, especially in the open-heart surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Inadequate pain control can lead to increased sympathetic system activity, increased mortality and morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and increased hospitalization costs. The aim of this study was to determine the painful and anxious procedures in the open-heart surgical ICU and its effect on hemodynamic parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 patients who were admitted in three open-heart surgical ICUs from two cardiac surgery hospitals in Shiraz, Iran from 2019 to 2000. Intensity of pain and anxiety were assessed using the Pain -Numerical Visual Scale (P-VNS) and the Anxiety--Numerical Visual Scale (A-VNS), before (as a baseline) and immediately after procedures, change of position, breathing exercises, change of dressing, removal of endotracheal tube, chest tube, venous line, arterial line, balloon pump catheter, and sampling were examined. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and immediately after each procedure. Results: Comparison of the mean pain scores in breathing exercises, change of position and removal of the chest tube and the mean anxiety scores for removing the endotracheal tube before and immediately after the procedure using paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Changes in hemodynamic parameters were also significant before and immediately after removal of the endotracheal tube and balloon pump catheter, position change and respiratory exercises (P<0.001). Conclusion: Respiratory exercises and removal of the endotracheal tube were the most painful and anxious procedures in the ICU. Many patients still experience moderate to severe postoperative pain in the ICU, despite guidelines that make pain control an important priority in caring for critical patients. Managing pain and anxiety before any procedure can reduce the negative consequences and increase patient satisfaction. Therefore, managing pain and anxiety in ICU requires the use of a multidisciplinary approach. In this regard, it is necessary for health care providers to consider the management of pain as an important priority in ICU patients.},  
Keywords = {Open Heart Surgery, Intensive Care Unit, Pain, Anxiety},
volume = {14},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {30-39}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.221/JCC.14.3.30},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-566-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-566-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bozorgzad, Parisa and Salehi, Tahmine and janani, Laila and Hadadi, Parvane},  
title = {The Relationship Between Health Literacy and Illness Belief in Patients with Heart Failure}, 
abstract ={Background & Aims: The chronic and complex nature of heart failure has led to raise the need for self-care as the core of care and treatment of the patients. Health literacy and illness belief are factors may affect self-care and the way they can cope with the disease. This study was conducted to determine the association, if any, of health literacy and illness beliefs among patients with heart failure. Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational performed on 133 patients with heart failure hospitalized in Cardiac Care Unit in Karaj. They were selected by the convenience sampling method. Data collection method included a demographic questionnaire, the Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire (Montazeri 2013) and the illness belief (Albert 2007) in heart failure. Results: The total mean score of the health literacy was 73.01 (±13.08) and the total mean score of the correct belief illness was 3.07 (±0.45). There was no significant association of health literacy with illness belief (r=0.130 and P=0.137). Conclusion: More than a quarter of the patients had inadequate health literacy, and more than 40 percent had incorrect beliefs about heart failure. Therefore, to improve health behaviors, it is necessary not only to promote health literacy, but also to consider incorrect illness beliefs.},  
Keywords = {Health Literacy, ILLNESS Belief, Heart Failure},
volume = {14},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {40-50}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.221/JCC.14.3.40},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-555-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-555-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nazari, Roghieh and Sharifnia, Hamid and Mousazadeh, Noushin and Hasani, Abdolmotaleb},  
title = {Validation of   the Persian Version of Critical Care Pain Observation Tool}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Pain management is very important in patients in general intensive care units (G-ICU). Therefore, this study was conduct to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in patients admitted to this ward. Methods: The present study is a methodological and clinimetery study that was conduct in inpatients in general intensive care units of Amol city during 2009-2010. The accordance between the two assessors was investigated using Lin’s Concordance correlation coefficient and the weighted kappa coefficient. The researcher evaluated Sixty-six patients in two positions of resting and painful action, using discriminant validity and the intended tool, to measure the validity of the tool. Results: The results showed the validity of the instrument through the validity of known groups, the score difference in the three indices of tool were meaningful (P<0.001). Also, the difference between the overall mean scores in the two positions of resting and rotation was meaningful, as well (P<0.001).  Reliability of the instrument through weighted kappa coefficient for quartet indices of the tool in the two resting and change position status varied between 0.38 and 0.60. The accordance between the two assessors in the overall score of the tool using Lin’s Concordance correlation coefficient was 0.68 in the resting position, 0.82 -0.47 in assurance interval, 0.67 in the rotation position in assurance interval, and 0.42 to 0.82 in assurance interval. Conclusion: Although the Persian version of the CPOT could differentiate pain-causing situations from no pain-causing ones, but its rate was low. Besides, the accordance between the two assessors was weak to medium. Therefore, it is recommended to use it with more care and caution in different patients with different diagnoses; also, other criteria for pain in patients should not be ignored.},  
Keywords = {Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, Pain Assessment, Critical Care Patient, Intensive Care Unit},
volume = {14},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {51-59}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.221/JCC.14.3.51},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-530-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-530-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {EmamiZeydi, Amir and Karkhah, Samad and Jafaraghaee, Fateme and Ghazanfari, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {Knowledge of Iranian Critical Care Nurses toward the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a serious nosocomial infection that can increase the length of stay, prolong the use of mechanical ventilation, and increase the risk of death in patients in the critical care unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Iranian critical care nurses toward the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a systematic review. Methods: In this systematic review, an extensive search of databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Iranmedex, Magiran, SID and Google Scholar search engine using Persian and English keywords related to the aim of the study, was conducted from the earliest to October 17, 2020. Results: In total, 8 articles from 1822 studies, with 887 nurses and a mean age of 31.80±5.87 years, and work experiences of 62.04±39.48 months in critical care units, were included in this study. In six studies, the level of knowledge of nurses was insufficient. The lowest and highest levels of knowledge were related to the dimensions of "suction through tracheal tube/tracheostomy and drainage of subglottic secretions" and "selection of the appropriate patient position", respectively. In two studies, a direct relationship was reported between nurses' level of knowledge and work experience. In one study, older age was directly related to the mean score of nurses' knowledges. Conclusion: The knowledge of Iranian critical care nurses toward the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia was insufficient. Therefore, it is suggested that researchers implement appropriate interventions in nurses to improve their knowledge toward prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, in future studies.},  
Keywords = {Knowledge, Nurses, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Critical Care Unit, Iran},
volume = {14},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {60-68}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.221/JCC.14.3.60},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-560-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-560-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {BaghbanNiko, Mahmoud and Nasiriani, Khadijeh and Hamayati, Roya and FallahFaraghe, Ahmadrez},  
title = {Increased Blood Flow and its Effect on Physiological Parameters and Complications of Dialysis in Hemodialysis Patients}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Hemodialysis is the most common treatment in the final stage of renal failure that despite the efforts of the health care system, this disease and its treatment method affects the lifestyle and health status of patients. One of the effective methods in improving the adequacy of hemodialysis is to increase the rate of blood flow and the rate of the hemodialysis machine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of increasing the speed of blood flow on physiological parameters and complications of dialysis in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional interventional study (pre and post intervention). For this purpose, 37 patients who had referred to the hemodialysis center were included in the study by census. After recording the demographic characteristics of the patients, the intervention was performed on the participants. In two sessions, the blood flow rate was set to 250 ml/min and in two sessions the blood flow rate was set to 350 ml/min. Then blood pressure, heart rate and arterial blood oxygen indices were measured before, mid-hour of hemodialysis and at the end of hemodialysis with 250 ml/min and 350 ml/min remote pump. Results: Mean heart rate and arterial blood oxygen level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the two-dialysis groups with blood pump speed of 250 ml/min and 350 ml/min in hemodialysis did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). In addition, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two pump cycles in regards to the frequency of complications such as hypotension and muscle cramps (p>0.05), no statistically significant difference was found between the two pump cycles (p>0.05). Conclusion: A round of 350 ml/min hemodialysis machines can be used as an effective and appropriate non-pharmacological agent without any specific physiological complications in dialysis patients.},  
Keywords = {Hemodialysis, Physiological Indicators, Blood Flow, Complications of Dialysis},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {7-1}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.7},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-551-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-551-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sabetfar, Nima and Meschi, Farahnaz and HoseinzadeTaghvaei, Marj},  
title = {Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Group Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment on Perceived Stress, Emotional Cognitive Regulation and Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with Hypertension}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Hypertension is considered to be a silent death and due to the effect of psychological interventions on it, research in this field is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy and acceptance and commitment on perceived stress, emotional cognitive regulation and self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension. Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included patients with hypertension who had referred to health centers in Kish in 1399. Among them, 48 were purposefully selected and replaced in two experimental groups and one control group. The research groups received eight sessions each, with mindfulness training and acceptance and commitment-based therapy, while the control group did not receive any training. The data collection tools included the perceived stress questionnaires, emotional regulation and self-care behaviors of hypertensive patients. Results: The results showed that group therapy based on mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy have a significant effect on perceived stress and emotional regulation (p<0.001). Also, treatment based on acceptance and commitment among the components of self-care had a significant effect on the components of diet and medication (p<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, mindfulness therapies and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used to improve perceived stress and emotional cognitive regulation in patients with hypertension.},  
Keywords = {Mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Stress, Self-Care, Blood Pressure},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {19-8}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.19},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-578-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-578-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shamsizadeh, Morteza and Ranjbaran, Faezeh and Sharifian, Pegah},  
title = {The Effect of an Educational Program Based on the Teach Back Method on the Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients: A Clinical Trial Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Hemodialysis sessions affect the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. One of the cares during dialysis is enough exercise and mobility to improve their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-centered open physical activity training on the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial study with a control group, 90 patients who had referred to dialysis centers of Beheshti and Besat hospitals in Hamadan in 2018 were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned with block of six blocks to two experimental (n=45) and control (n=45) groups. Data collection tools in this study were demographic information checklist and standard quality of life questionnaire for kidney patients that were completed before the intervention and at the end of the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and twelfth weeks after the intervention by the research samples. In the intervention group, during dialysis sessions for twelve weeks, patients were taught how to perform physical activities with pilates stretches in different resistances, using the self-centered open training method. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the demographic characteristics of the research samples between the intervention and control groups (p˃0.05). Before the intervention, there was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of mean scores of different dimensions of quality of life (p>0.05); but after the intervention, this difference was statistically significant in other dimensions except the burden of kidney disease (p<0.05). Conclusion: Self-centered open training of physical activities to hemodialysis patients can be effective in increasing their quality of life. Therefore, recommending exercise and including it in dialysis care program can be effective in promoting patients' health.},  
Keywords = {Physical Activity, Teach Back, Quality of Life, Hemodialysis Patients},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {30-20}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.30},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-554-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-554-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KhoshAkhlagh, Hadi and Rostampour, Fatemeh and Garkaz, Omid and ImamGholizadeh, Pedram and Mehryar, Hamid Rez},  
title = {Predicting Clinical Outcome in Non-Surgical Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia with two Criteria REMS and APACHEIII: A Cross-Sectional study}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Health care methods have made undeniable progress in maintaining patients' health, but assessing the expected recovery and health of these methods is still done by basic criteria such as mental estimates and approximate physicians. These methods have a high probability of error in predicting patient mortality and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparison between REMS and APACHEIII criteria in non-surgical patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in the second half of 2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 662 patients were enrolled in the study by census method. Data were collected by checklist. Finally, the mortality rate was predicted using REMS and APACHE III systems. Results: The results of the study showed that out of 662 patients (55.9%), 370 were male and (44.1%) were 292 females, the mean age of patients was 62.56±14.61 years. The mean scores of APACHE III and REMS in all patients were 53.32±17.96 and 9.79±4.05, respectively. The mean REMS in living patients was 7.21±3.8 And in deceased patients was 13.29±4.41. Also, a significant direct relationship was observed between APACHE III score (r=0.437) and REMS (r=0.241) with the length of hospital stay. The area below the ROC curve chart for APACHE III was higher than REMS, indicating that APACHE III was better at predicting patients' clinical outcome. Conclusion: Overall, the APACHE III criterion performed better than the REMS in predicting the clinical outcome of non-surgical patients referred to the emergency department, and the mean scores of REMS and APACHE III were higher in deceased patients than in surviving patients.},  
Keywords = {Emergency, Mortality, REMS, APACHEIII},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {40-31}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.40},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-549-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-549-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abbaszadeh, Mehdi and Rejeh, Nahid and Tadrisi, Seyed Davood and jafari, Farsh},  
title = {Medication Adherence in Patients Undergoing Repeat Angioplasty: A Cross-sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Coronary artery disease is one of the most common forms of cardiovascular disease. Angioplasty is a common technique for its treatment. Adherence is an important factor in preventing the progression of coronary heart disease in patients undergoing angioplasty. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to determine the medication adherence in patients undergoing repeat angioplasty in Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional study, was performed on 92 patients referring to Shaheed Rajaei cardiovascular medical and research center undergoing coronary artery restenosis following repeat angioplasty. Patients were selected with convenience sampling. The instruments used in this study included the demographic information scale and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale) MARS). Results: The mean of patients’ age was (60.60±6.53) and the majority of the patients were males (55%), and mostly under diploma (34%). The mean score of professional self-concept was 3.04±1.21. The intentional medication noncompliance with the mean of (2.82±0.96) was higher than unintentional medication noncompliance with the mean of (0.23±0.47). There was inconsistency between adherence to Medication and demographic information, which indicates the fact that medication non-adherence, was not seen in the whole study population. Conclusion: Considering that almost the majority of patients did not have medication adherence after angioplasty and were referred for repeat angioplasty, therefore, nurses should help with the prevention of repeat angioplasty through the use of appropriate measures influencing adherence to the therapeutic plan at discharge from the hospital.},  
Keywords = {Coronary Angioplasty, Coronary Heart Disease, Medication Adherence},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {50-41}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.50},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-585-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-585-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yousefi, Mehdi and Fazaeli, Somayeh and Jamali, Jamshid and Ebrahimi, Zahr},  
title = {Evaluation of the Job Stress Level among Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Nursing care activities in the times of infectious epidemics can cause double stress for nurses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of job stress of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients based on evidence from a large hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in Mashhad city, Iran. The sample consisted of 323 nurses caring for 19 patients in Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in 2020 who were selected through random quota sampling. Data collection tools were demographic information checklist and NSS Nursing Stress Questionnaire. Results: The overall level of stress was moderate (62.44 out of 102). Overall stress in specialized wards and in nurses with a history of activity in infectious wards were 8% and 1% less than others, respectively. Nurses' job stress in terms of interpersonal relationships and the performance of supervisors in normal wards was higher than special wards (P value=0.020). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to reduce the level of stress by training nurses and simulating the ICU environment to prepare for emergencies and epidemics, as well as encouraging them to rotate work between the ICU and inpatient wards during service.},  
Keywords = {Job Stress, Nurses, Covid19, Intensive Care Units},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {60-51}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.60},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-582-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-582-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hanifi, Nasrin and Ghadimi, Masomeh and Dinmohammadi, Mohammadrez},  
title = {Adverse Events and Related Factors during the Intrahospital Transport of Critically Ill Patients: An Observational Prospective Study}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Intrahospital Transport (IHT) of critically ill patients is always associated with the incidence of Adverse Events (AEs). Identifying and managing these events ensures the safety of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of AEs and related factors in IHT of critically ill patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 171 cases of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients transferred in the first half of 2019 were investigated. After obtaining the approval of the Research Ethics Committee, the study data were collected and recorded by using a researcher-made checklist during the transfer process. Results: In 79.54% of IHTs, at least one AEs occurred. The highest number of AEs (37.39%) occurred during transfer phase. Decreased Spo2 (43.39%) and decreased level of consciousness (42.15%) were the most common ADs, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified endotracheal intubation as independent predictor of AEs in the transportation process. Conclusion: According to the findings, the incidence of AEs during the IHT process of ICU patients is high. Critically ill patients with endotracheal intubation were at higher risk. Adoption of strategies such as efficient and adequate transfer team composition, continuous monitoring of patient status, use of standard checklists and sound equipment are crucial.},  
Keywords = {Intrahospital Transport, Adverse Events, Incidence, Critical Care, Critical Illness},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {69-61}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.69},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-575-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-575-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ahmadi, Samaneh and Imanipour, Masoomeh},  
title = {Arterial Blood Gas or Venous Blood Gas Analysis? A Narrative Literature Review}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: This study was carried in order to investigate the degree of agreement and correlation between arterial and venous blood gas parameters and the possibility of replacing intravenous blood instead of arterial blood gas test according to scientific evidence. Methods: This narrative review was done by searching the databases of SID, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar search engine, using the keywords arterial blood gases, venous blood gases from 2005 to 2020. A total of 24 related articles were found and after screening, 16 articles were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Review of studies examining the correlation of the agreement between ABG and VBG parameters often found a good relationship, especially between the PH and HCO3 values of arterial and venous blood. The use of intravenous PCO2 instead of arterial blood, although some studies have introduced intravenous PCO2 as an acidemy screening tool, is still debated and needs further study. Conclusion: Venous blood gas test can be a safe, easy and low-cost option to assess patients' blood gas status. However, considering the clinical condition of patients when using VBG is recommended and ABG analysis will commend only if necessary.},  
Keywords = {Arterial Blood Gas, Venous Blood Gas, Blood Gas Analysis},
volume = {14},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {82-70}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.14.4.82},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-572-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-572-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}