@article{ author = {vafadar, zohreh}, title = {The Necessity of Teamwork and Inter Professional Collaboration in the Intensive Care Unit}, abstract ={Intensive care units encounter with the complex and different therapeutic and care needs of patients. The effective responsiveness to these needs depends on the knowledge and skills of different health professions, so inter-professional collaboration and teamwork is essential to providing safe and comprehensive care in these areas. Inter-professional collaboration is a process in which different health professions, along with the patient and their families work together in the interaction based on partnership, mutual trust and understanding, information sharing, common goals setting and joint decision making to achieve the best and most effective outcome for the patient. Unfortunately, most current performance in the intensive care units is parallel, independent and without the participation and joint decisions of different professions, and this is one of the reasons for the increase the medical errors and negative patients’ outcome. Numerous factors, including systemic, organizational, and interpersonal interactions, are influential on inter-professional collaboration in the mentioned wards, and understanding them will provide an opportunity to promote inter-professional collaborations in these areas. Strategies such as inter-professional rounds, the development of inter-professional common goals setting sheets, the preparation of guidelines, as well as the tools for measuring team performance and monitoring them can be effective in promoting inter-professional collaboration in intensive care units. It is time to adopt approaches and strategies to improve teamwork and inter-professional collaboration in intensive care units and improve patients’ outcome.}, Keywords = {Teamwork, Inter Professional Collaboration, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {5-1}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-504-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-504-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {SalmanDehkordi, Farzaneh and Imanipour, Masoomeh}, title = {Intensive Care Syndrom-Family: A Narative Review}, abstract ={Background and aim: During hospitalization patients in the ICU, many family members are at risk for a mixture of negative psychological reactions. This study aimed to review the symptoms and challenges of these families and to give caring strategies for ICU family members. Methods: This review study was done through a library literature review in the scientific data bases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Magiran, and Iran Medex. All articles in English and Persianpublished between 2002 and 2019 were studied. After screeing the articles according to the inclusion criteria, 27 articles were analyzed. Results: The family members of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU often experience a cluster of adverse psychological reactions in response to conditions that is out of their control. These experiences have been recognized as “intensive care syndrome-family”. Family-centered care and effective communication were mentioned as the most important and effective strategies to reduce the complications of this syndrome. Conclusion: As a key member of the health care team in the ICU, nurses  not only are responsible for the patients, but are responsible for the family members. They should help families to cope with the crisis of ICU admission and help prevent or control the family intensive care syndrome in them through family-centered care measures.}, Keywords = {Intensive Care Unit, Patient’s Family, Psychological Reactions, Intensive Care Syndrome-Family, Narative Review}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-6}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-487-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-487-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {gholami, zari and Rahmani, Alli and sepandi, mojtaba and Samadi, Mohammad and Moradian, Seyed Tayeb and Nehrir, Batool}, title = {The Effect of Nutritional Guidelines Designed to prevent Constipation in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: A Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background and Purpose: Gastrointestinal complications after open heart surgery are high mortality despite having low incidence. One of the complications that can overshadow the surgical results is constipation. Fasting before surgery and delayed oral nutrition after surgery are the causes of constipation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nutritional guidelines on the prevention of constipation in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Method: A special nutritional care instruction was designed using a review and Delphi study. In a clinical trial, 70 patients underwent open heart surgery. They were placed in two groups of 35 (experiment and control group). Nutritional guidelines and pamphlets were taught to patients and nurses in the experiment group. Patients were screened for constipation from the day before surgery to one week after surgery. The control group received routine experiment. Results: The mean frequency of bowel movements in the experimental group was higher than the control group, but only statistically significant in the first two days (P <0.05). Stool consistency was more natural during the one-week postoperative period in the control group than in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the formulated nutritional care guidelines can be effective in preventing and reducing gastrointestinal complications, especially constipation, in the first two days after open heart surgery.}, Keywords = {Open Heart Surgery, Nutritional Care Guideline, Constipation}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-22}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-473-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-473-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Neda and Starnejad, Lida and Garkaz, Omid and Abbasfam, Zeinab and Nazarbaghi, Sorena and Mehryar, Hamid Rez}, title = {Investigating the Causes of the First Generalized Seizure in Adult Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia}, abstract ={Introduction: Seizure is a common disorder and is also one of the most important reasons for referring to emergency departments of hospitals which has multiple causes. It is believed that early diagnosis of this disorder is extremely important. This study aimed to investigate the causes of the first generalized seizure of adult patients referring to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini of Urmia during the second half of 2018.   Materials: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the second half of 2017 on all patients suffering with seizure over 18 years of age who had referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia by census method. Data were gathered using a checklist which included different variables (age, gender, marriage, and place of residence, education, diagnostic tools, and the ultimate cause of seizures).   Results: The results showed that among the total 120 studied patients, 55 were males (45.8%) and 65 patients were females (54.2%). The average age of the participants was52.50 ±20.42 years and most of the participants were married 86(71.5%) and in the age group over 60 (34.4%) were 52, The procedure of diagnostic tests CBD diff / Na / K / Ca / Bs and ESR / CRP in most cases, diagnosis of the causes seizures and CT scan imaging technique (74.5%) of 89 cases necessary that ultimately the most common cause of seizure disorders The cerebral arteries (28.3%) were 34.   Conclusion: In this study, the most common cause of seizures is cerebrovascular injury, but due to the high prevalence of seizures following trauma, drug deprivation, elimination of underlying factors and social anomalies will be an important step in preventing seizures.}, Keywords = {Generalized Seizures, Emergency Department, Adult}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {38-32}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-494-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-494-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {MohammadiPashaki, Marzieh and Sangani, Alireza and Askary, Hava and MahmmodiMolaie, Pegah}, title = {Predicting Heart Function Based on Type D Personality and Depression in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients}, abstract ={Introduction: Psychological factors play an essential role in many cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to predict heart function based on type D personality and depression in patients with acute myocardial infarction.   Materials: This research was a correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all 234 patients with acute myocardial infarction ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction who had referred to Fatemeh Zahra Hospital in Sari city in 2019 which had underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Using the Cochran's formula, 144 patients were selected by available method and responded to the D personality questionnaire of Denolet and Depression Inventory Short of Beck. Results: Findings revealed a significant relationship between D personality and depression with heart function [P<0.01]. Also it can be stated that D personality and depression can predict heart function [P≤0.01]. Conclusion: Type D personality and depression play a role in the incidence of heart disease and the prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction. Screening for this personality type along with the depressive disorder in heart function is required by therapists.  }, Keywords = {Type D personality, Depression, Heart Function}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-492-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-492-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Pourkermanian, Pourandokht and Kalani, Zohreh and Alimohammadi, Nasrollah and Hassanzadeh, Akbar}, title = {Designing and Evaluating a "Family Guided Visit Program” on the Level of Consciousness in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Sensory stimulation in patients with decreased levels of consciousness in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can affect their level of consciousness, especially if these stimuli are familiar and have meaningful contents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to introduce a "Family Guided Visit program” to increase level of consciousness in traumatic brain injury patients hospitalized in the ICU. Materials: The study is a clinical trial study. The statistical population was brain-injured hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Al-Zahra (AS) and Kashani Medical Center in Isfahan. In this study, during 7 stages, the "Family Guided Visit Program" was designed, implemented and evaluated. In the design Phase, first, the Program draft was prepared using nursing texts on the needs care  and the role of families in their implementation, then using the RAM technique in terms of concept, usefulness, relevance and applicability of the content by families, the Program was developed. During the implementation Phase, one of the family members who had been trained on the appointment, received hearing and tactile stimulation Patients daily and for 14 days, as scheduled. In the evaluation Phase, the daily level of consciousness was measured 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after the visit, using the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Four-Number Scale. Results: The research findings showed that the average changes in the level of consciousness based on the four digit scales from the beginning of the study to the end were 6 ± 1.7 in the test group and 1± 1.35 in the control group. The independent t-test showed that these changes in the test group were significantly higher than the control group (P< 0.001). Also, according to the Glasgow coma scale, from the beginning of the study to the end (over a period of fourteen days), the total daily changes shows a statistically significant difference in the average score of patients' level of consciousness between the two groups. (P< 0.001). Conclusion: A targeted and planned visit by the family is effective in improving the level of consciousness of the injured. Therefore, it is recommended to provide conditions for the family members who are emotionally close to the patient to make appointments with the patient with sufficient training, using this proposed program.}, Keywords = {Guided Visits, Family Guided Visits, Intensive Care Unit, Level of Consciousness, Brain Injuries}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-46}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-493-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-493-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {keshmiri, zahra sadat and faghih, aref and nasiriani, khadijeh}, title = {The Effectiveness of the Role of Liaison Nurses on the Anxiety of the Family of Patients Discharged from Intensive Care Units: A Clinical Trial Study}, abstract ={IIntroduction: Family members of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit have significant anxiety. Strengthening the hospital's relationship with the home after discharge can be helpful in providing the necessary information and skills in the presence of the liaison nurse to provide and maintain care. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the role of the liaison nurse on the family anxiety level of patients discharged from the intensive care unit. Materials: This clinical trial study was performed on 53 patients discharged from intensive care units in two groups of intervention and control. Patients in the intervention group were followed up for two weeks by a trained nurse as a liaison nurse and the control group did not receive any follow up care. The level of anxiety of the patients' family was completed and assessed by the 14-item Hospital Anxiety Questionnaire at discharge, at the end of the first week and the second week after discharge by the primary caregiver.  Results: The mean score of anxiety in the family intervention group was 10.34 ± 4.01 immediately after discharge and in two weeks after discharge it was 9.10 ± 2.85. In the control group, the mean score of family anxiety immediately after discharge was 9.33± 3.59 and two weeks after discharge was 9.87 ± 4.1. There was no statistically significant differences between the anxiety levels of the control and intervention group immediately after discharge, and one week later and two weeks later (P> 0.05).  Conclusion: Although the results of the present study did not show a significant difference in the anxiety score of family members between the two groups with and without a liaison nurse, the anxiety scores in the liaison nurse group had decreased compared to before discharge. Also, it is worth mentioning that training the primary caregivers of patients discharged from intensive care units can reduce the level of family anxiety after discharge.}, Keywords = {Liaison Nurse, Anxiety, Patient's Family, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-56}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-483-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-483-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Safe Method to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP): Endotracheal Tube Cuff Management}, abstract ={Dear Editor Ventilator-Associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the prevalent nosocomial infections and the most severe Acquired infection in intensive care units (ICUs) [1]. VAP usually occurs forty-eight hours after the starting of mechanical ventilation. This infection has several complications, including hospital long stay, high medical costs, high antibiotic use, and high mortality rates [2,3]. The prevalence of VAP in developing countries is more than that in developed countries [2]. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, VAP has remained a common infection and a major cause of mortality in the ICUs [2,3]. VAP affects approximately 27% of critically ill patients in ICU wards [2,3]. Prevention of VAP is a significant challenge for workers in intensive care units and should be considered as a priority. There are some strategies to prevent VAP, such as appropriate sedation and early weaning, semi-seating position, oral hygiene, applying noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), tracheal secretion management, nurses hand hygiene, selective decontamination of the digestive tract, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and subglottic secretion suctioning [2,4,5]. Another under attention approach to preventing VAP is to ensure adequate pressure of endotracheal cuff. Tracheal cuff pressure should be maintained in the accurate range (20–30 cm H2O), and under inflation and over inflation can be associated with the risk of aspiration and tracheal injury [6,7]. Micro aspiration of subglottic secretions due to cuff under Inflation is one of the most critical risk factors for the VAP [4], Therefore, ensuring adequate pressure of cuff to prevent micro aspiration is a low-cost, easy, and practical approach in VAP prevention. However, the importance of this technique in guidelines and studies is under attention. Various methods are used to assess the accuracy of tracheal cuff pressure, including manual (Minimal leak and Finger Palpation) and automatic (Direct Manometer and Continuous Monitoring) methods. Two common methods for checking the accuracy of cuff pressure are the manual method (Minimal leak) and the use of direct manometer [6]. Studies showed that continuous monitoring of cuff pressure could also be more efficient in VAP prevention [1,4]. Given the importance of this issue, the design and implementation of the guillotines to assess and ensure adequate cuff pressure along with other measures is necessary and can help to prevent VAP.}, Keywords = {Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Prevention, Endotracheal Tube}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-500-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-500-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {hajiseyedrezaei, seyedeh roghayeh and alaei, nasrin and zayeri, fari}, title = {Coping Strategies with Job Stress of Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background and aim: People's jobs are one of the most important sources of stress. There is more stress in medical jobs. Nurses, especially nurses in intensive care units, are faced with many occupational stressors that use many strategies to cope with them. Identifying the type and extent of coping strategies used by nurses in the face of occupational stress can be useful in their educational planning in order to employ appropriate coping strategies. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine coping strategies with job stress of nurses working in intensive care units of hospitals in Tehran. Methods: This research is a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2019 in Tehran. In this study, 5 university hospitals that had intensive care units were selected by cluster random sampling and then all nurses working in special wards that were consciously willing to participate in the research and were eligible were examined by census and 235 people. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires and countermeasures (Lazarus-Folkman) and analyzed. Results: The results showed that the majority of nurses (75.3%) had poor coping strategies (65.81±14.34). Nurses mostly used problem-centered coping strategies (47.72±11.13). Positive reappraisal subscale (51.55±14.80) of problem-centered coping strategies and restraint subscale (45.79±12.92) of emotion-focused coping strategies were used more frequently by nurses. There was a statistically significant difference between demographic characteristics and age of coping strategies (P=0.037). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems necessary to educate nurses about the optimal use of coping strategies.}, Keywords = {Nurse, Intensive Care Unit, Job Stress, Coping Strategies}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {4-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-505-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-505-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Azizi, Hamid Reza and YousefianMiandoab, Nazanin and Yaghoubinia, Farib}, title = {The Effect of Teach- Back Education on Readmission in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome}, abstract ={Introduction & Aim: Patients with acute coronary syndrome suffer from severe consequences such as relapse and readmission due to insufficient comprehension of educational content and subsequently failure in treatment adherence. Using some strategies in order to improvement of their knowledge and comprehension about taught content may be effective on disease outcomes. The current study aimed to determine the effect of teach-back education on readmission in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 70 patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to the cardiology and cardiac care units of two Hospitals in Zahedan were selected conveniently in 2019. Then patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups through using color cards. Data collection tools included demographic information form and a form for recording the readmission. Intervention was based on teach-back education method during three sessions of 30-45 minutes individually and 24 hours after admission to the hospital. Three months after the intervention, readmission was assessed. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics, independent t-test and chi-square test in SPSS21. Results: Results showed there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of some variables such as age, gender, educational level, marital status and diabetes history (P>0.05). In intervention group,14.3 percent of patients and in control group 37.1 percent reported readmission during three months after the intervention and there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of readmission (P=0.029). Conclusion: Teach-back education reduces the cases of readmission in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Given the importance of nurses' role in education, this educational method can be used to improve disease outcomes.  }, Keywords = {Teach-Back Education, Readmission, Acute Coronary Syndrome}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-499-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-499-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {ahmadnia, zahra and kheirkhah, jalal and modallalkar, Seyede Shiva and ashouri, asieh and emamisigaroudi, abdolhosei}, title = {Effect of Guided Imagery on Anxiety and Vital Signs in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Electrophysiological Study}, abstract ={Background & aim: Many patients undergoing aggressive medical interventions, such as cardiac electrophysiology studies, experience anxiety on the operation day, which can affect patients' psychological and physiological issues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of guided imagery on anxiety and vital signs in patients undergoing cardiac electrophysiology studies. Methods: This study was performed as a double blind randomized clinical trial study. The statistical population included 52 patients who were candidates for cardiac electrophysiology study in Rasht. They were divided into two groups of intervention (n=26) and control (n=26) through simple randomization. Before and after the intervention, the Spiel Berger state anxiety inventory questionnaire was completed and their vital signs were recorded. For the intervention group, one day before and one hour before the electrophysiology studies, a guided audio visualization CD was delivered through headphones for 18 minutes. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in mean blood pressure score, respiratory rate, body temperature, and heart rate before and after the intervention (p >0.05). The severity of hidden anxiety score was significantly different between the two groups after the intervention.  No meaningful difference was observed between the two groups in regards to the other variables such as obvious anxiety score before and after intervention and the hidden anxiety score before intervention(p >0.05). Conclusion: Guided visualization was effective in controlling both open and hidden anxiety in patients undergoing the electrophysiology studies but had no effect on patient's vital signs.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Electrophysiology Studies, Vital Signs, Guided Imagery}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {22-29}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-497-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-497-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Sedaghat, Mohammad and Noori, Mahbube and Damani, Elnaz and Damani, Elham}, title = {The Effect of Emergency Medicine Establishment on the Evaluation of the Performance Indicators of the Emergency Department}, abstract ={Background & Aim: The emergency department is one of the most important wards in a hospital. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the performance indices in emergency departments of hospitals before and after the establishment of the emergency medicine group. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the performance indices in the emergency departments of hospitals were extracted before and after the establishment of emergency medicine groups from the archive of these hospitals.   Results: This study showed that the presence of the emergency medicine group in the hospital had no effect on the performance indicators of the emergency department, but the establishment of the emergency medicine group in Khatam al-Anbia Hospital reduced the rate of unsuccessful CPR, the rate of hospitalization with personal satisfaction and the average triage time in Levels 3, 4 and 5 are triaged. According to the results of this study, the percentage of unsuccessful CPR did not differ during the year in the hospital, but its percentage decreased after the establishment of emergency medicine in the hospital. Conclusion: According to findings it can be concluded that the establishment of emergency medicine groups in hospitals improved their performance indices.}, Keywords = {Emergency, Emergency Medicine Group, Hospital}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-495-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-495-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Readiness of Emergency Nurses in the Care of Trauma Patients and Related Factors}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the main reasons for the poor performance of emergency nurses in providing care to trauma patients is the lack of readiness, knowledge and relevant skills of them. It is important to have a periodic evaluation of the readiness of emergency nurses. The aim of this study was to determine the readiness of emergency nurses in the care of trauma patients based on the ATLS index and related factors. Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 230 nurses working in the emergency department of three hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences participated with an easy and convenience sampling method in 2019. Data were collected using demographic information tools and nurses' readiness to care for a trauma patient. Readiness tools included areas such as triage, primary assessment, secondary assessment of head-to-foot, and trauma patient care in special circumstances. The overall score of the preparation and each of its areas were 1-5. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistics and independent T-tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The statistical significance level for all tests was considered to be 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the readiness of emergency nurses score was 3/55±0/60. The "triage" and "abdominal examination" in the secondary assessment was the weakest (mean 2.87) and "stripping the patient's body and assessing the whole body" (mean 4.19) in the primary assessment and "caring for trauma patients with special conditions" was the strongest area for nurses' readiness. Nurses' readiness was significantly associated with education, sources of information, passing educational courses, age, general and emergency work experience (P<0/05). Conclusion: The readiness of emergency nurses to care for trauma patients was more than two-thirds of the total and was considered as good scores. Nursing service managers should design and implement training programs to strengthen nurses' weaknesses and ultimately increase the quality of nursing care and the safety level of trauma patients.  }, Keywords = {Preparation, Trauma, Emergency, Nurse, Advance Trauma Life Support (ATLS)}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {38-45}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-466-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-466-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Rezaee, Nasrin and Salar, Alireza and Keykha, Aliakbar}, title = {Nurses\' experience of nursing care in the intensive care unit: a qualitative study}, abstract ={Introduction: The quality of patient and nurse care varies. Differences can be influenced by factors such as the type of department, individuals’ beliefs, and rules. Nurses play an important role in providing care in intensive care units. Qualitative studies are very helpful in identifying the challenges and obstacles in the way of care. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify nurses' experiences of nursing care in the intensive care unit. Materials: This was a qualitative research using conventional content analysis. Based on purposed sampling 15 nurses, head nurses and supervisors participant which working in the intensive care unit. Data were collected through individual and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed based on Graneheim and Lundman proposed method. Results: Three categories and six subcategories were extracted. The "working nature of the ward" with two sub-categories of working conditions and the structure of the ward, the "safe care" with the two subcategories, sustain standards and optimal conditions, and the "unsafe care" included two subcategories of negligence and ignorance. Conclusion: Data analysis showed that in order to provide optimal care, while paying attention to the nature of the intensive care unit, the role of safe care should also be considered.  }, Keywords = {Nurse, Nursing Care, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {46-53}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-465-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-465-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Savaie, Mohse}, title = {Applying Relaxants for Tracheal Intubation in Covid-19 Patients: Discussion about Some Concerns}, abstract ={Letter to Editor Patients with severe respiratory distress due to Covid-19 may require endotracheal intubation due to severe hypoxemia. To facilitate intubation and minimize the risk of staff contamination, most guidelines recommend rapid sequence intubation using hypnotics, narcotics, and muscle relaxants. The use of muscle relaxants may be associated with risks for some patients with Covid-19: Stressful environment, inexperienced nurses in newly established wards, cumbersome clothing, premature respiratory fatigue due to mask wearing, Also, the limited vision due to the formation of fog on the glasses and the surface of the face shield during laryngoscopy can make intubation difficult and time consuming. These factors, along with severe lung involvement and hypoxemia, and underlying cardiovascular diseases may exacerbate hypoxemia and expose the patient to hypoxic brain damage or cardiac arrest. Therefore, in Covid-19 patients, endotracheal intubation with full personal protective equipment and the use of hypnotics and narcotics to inhibit airway reflexes while maintaining the patient's spontaneous respiration (deep sedation) seems to be a safer method. Otherwise, as a secondary solution, intubation is suggested by the most experienced person.  }, Keywords = {Covid-19, Tracheal intubation, Complications, Muscle relaxant}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-521-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-521-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mokaberian, Mansoureh and Faez, Najmeh}, title = {The Effect of Preterm Infants Massage Hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by Mother on Maternal-Infant Attachment}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: One of the environmental factors affecting development is attachment, and some factors, such as preterm infancy, can interfere with its development. Yet, one of the most important ways to increase mother-infant relationships is through massage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of body massage on preterm infants by mothers on their attachment. Materials and Methods: The present study was a clinical trial with experimental and control groups. For this purpose, among all infants of Amiralmomenin hospital neonatal intensive care  unit of Semnan city, 40 infants and mother’s selected purposefully and divided to experimental and control groups. According to the research protocol, the mothers of the experimental group massaged the preterm infants for 10 days, while the control group received only the usual care. To measure the level of mother-infant attachment, the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale was used. The questionnaire was completed in three stages: pre-test (before the start of the massage), post-test (one day after the end of the massage) and follow-up (one month after the end of the massage) by the mothers of both groups. Results: The results of mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni test showed that massage of preterm infants caused significant maternal attachment to infants after post-test and its persistence was maintained after one month (P<0.0001). No significant difference was observed in different stages of the test in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Taking the results into consideration it can be said that preterm infant massage can be an effective and at the same time low-cost way to accelerate the formation of mother-infant attachment. This issue will reduce the stress on mothers with preterm infants and help them communicate effectively and, consequently, improve optimal development of their babies in the future.}, Keywords = {Massage, Preterm, Attachment, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {4-12}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-496-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-496-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Beitollahi, Fatemeh and VahedianAzimi, Amir and Ghiasi, Seyed Mohammad Saeid and Moradian, Seyed Tayeb}, title = {Comparison of Arterial Blood Gases by both Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods During the Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery}, abstract ={Background and aim: Due to the side effects of invasive techniques, the use of non-invasive techniques with continuous monitoring has been considered by health centers. In this study, invasive and non-invasive techniques for monitoring arterial blood gases were compared during patients' weaning from mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. Methods: In a descriptive-cross-sectional study, 70 patients who were candidates for cardiac surgery were assessed during 1397 at Jamaran Heart Hospital and the values for oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide measured by non-invasive methods (pulse oximetry and capnography) and invasive (ABG) were compared Results: The results of the study showed that there is a difference of 1.7±4.54 between the copography and PaCO2 values, and a difference of 0.92±2.29 between the SPO2 and SaO2 values. There was a positive and significant correlation between ETCO2 and PaCO2 (P<0.001, r=0.43). There was also a correlation between SPO2 and SaO2 numbers (P=0.03, r=0.25). The results of the linear regression test showed that ETCO2 and SPO2 can predict PaCO2 and SaO2 using the following formula, respectively. PaCO2=20.61+0.45(ETCO2), SaO2=63.65+0.25(SPO2). Conclusion: Capnography and pulse oximetry can be used as non-invasive, inexpensive, and safe methods in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. For a more detailed examination, it is recommended that studies be performed with a larger sample size, as well as in patients with different physical conditions and severity of the disease.}, Keywords = {Capnography, Invasive Techniques, Non-Invasive Techniques, Weaning, Cardiac Surgery}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {13-19}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-517-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-517-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Ghazanchaie, Zamzam and Nourian, Manijeh and KhanaliMAjan, Leila and OUjian, Parastoo and Heidari, Arash}, title = {Nurses’ toward Palliative Care and its Barriers in Neonatal Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: Palliative care is one of the most important aspects of neonatal intensive care. Providing palliative care for infants faces many obstacles and challenges. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude to palliative care and the barriers for delivering palliative care practices among nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Material and Method: In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, 128 nurses working in NICUs of hospitals affiliated to the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran were selected by census method in 2018. Data were collected with "Fromelt Attitude Towards Caring   for Dying Patient" (FATCOD) and "Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale" (NPCAS).  Results: Nurses' attitude toward palliative care was positive (102.17±4.81) and a statistically significant association was observed between shift work and nurses' attitudes (p<0.001). A strong barrier to providing palliative care was the presence of insufficient resources (10.93±2.66). Improper application of technology (5.90±1.59), organizational culture (18.69±5.25) and professional competence of nurses (18.09±4.82) were classified as intermediate barriers. The weak barrier to the implementation of palliative care was the individual and social attitude of the nurse (18.67±2.60). Discussion and Conclusion: Nurses have a positive attitude to providing palliative care, and it is necessary to strengthen their positive attitude by providing clinical and theoretical training. It is also important to pay more attention to eliminating other factors that can affect the implementation of palliative care. Insufficient resources are a strong obstacle to providing palliative care in neonates. So equipping the resources in terms of a suitable physical environment, adequate skilled manpower, providing counseling services and developing guidelines and policies for the nurses,   are important in order to improve the implementation of neonatal palliative care.}, Keywords = {Palliative care, Nursing, Attitude, Neonate, Intensive Care Units , End of Life Care}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {20-30}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-515-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-515-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shakeri, Davood and Ebadi, Abbas and Heidranlu, ٍٍEsmail and Jafari, Im}, title = {The Effect of the Liaison Nurse on Satisfying Patients Transformed from the Emergency Department}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Understanding the problem of patients in the emergency department is essential to their satisfaction. The liaison nurse is a new nursing role. Studying its impact on the emergency department, as the heart of the hospital, is of interest. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the role of the liaison nurse on the satisfaction of patients transferred from the emergency department to other hospital wards. Materials & Methods: The present study was a clinical trial research conducted in 2019 in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (30 individuals in each group). Participants in both groups completed Wolff et al.'s Patient Satisfaction questionnaire (PSI) before and after the intervention. The intervention group received the services of a liaison nurse until the end of the transfer process in addition to the usual services. Transfer and placement of patients in the destination ward was performed and then, the PSI was completed again by the patient. Results: The mean patient satisfaction of the intervention group showed a significant increase (P<0.001) in comparison to the control group. The independent t-test showed that patients' overall satisfaction with the quality of nursing services increased after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group from a mean of 75.4 and a standard deviation of 8.2 to a mean of 99.6 and a standard deviation of 5.4. Conclusion: The liaison nurse improved the patients' satisfaction to the quality of the nursing services in patients transferred from the emergency department to other wards. Therefore, designing such a role for nurses in the process of transferring patients from the emergency department to other departments is recommended.}, Keywords = {Emergency Department, Patient Satisfaction, Liaison Nurse}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {31-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-510-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-510-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Sangari, Azra and Akhoundzadeh, Kobra and Sharifipour, Ehs}, title = {Evaluation of Stroke Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors in Stroke Patients Underwent Thrombolytic Therapy in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom (2016- 2020)}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Stroke, as one of the most common causes of death and disability, is still increasing and it is one of the major challenges in healthcare system. Due to the difference in frequency of clinical manifestation and risk factors in different populations, this study was conducted to investigate the clinical manifestations and risk factors of stroke in stroke patients underwent thrombolytic therapy, referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom. Methods: The present study was a descriptive analytic and cross-sectional study. Data was collected from the patients file. 177 diagnosed patients with ischemic stroke, underwent thrombolytic therapy, have been included in this study. The data collection was done by a questionnaire including demographic information, clinical manifestations and stroke risk factors. Results: Majority of ischemic stroke patients were men (55.36%) and in the age group of 60 years and older (69.49%). The most common clinical manifestations were motor impairment (93.3%) particularly in left side of body, and subsequent speech problems (67.2%) and the most common risk factors were hypertension (46.7%) and subsequent diabetes (27.8%). There was a significant association between hypertension and hemiplegia occurrence. (P<0.05)  Conclusion: According to the results of the study, majority of stroke patients were men and the people in age of 60 years and over. People at higher risk for this disease were patients with hypertension and diabetes. Detection of high-risk groups and initiation of preventive measures against stroke can reduce the incidence rate of stroke. Community education on common clinical manifestations can also be helpful in refer faster and starting on time treatment.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Clinical Manifestation, Risk Factors}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {40-47}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-503-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-503-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Azizi, Hamid Reza and babatabardarzi, hossien and VahedianAzimi, Amir and Mahmoudi, hossien and Saeed, Yaser}, title = {The Effect of Implementing Nursing Care Package on the Incidence of Pulmonary Atelectasis in Patients after open Heart Surgery}, abstract ={Background and aim: Pulmonary atelectasis is one of the major problems in most chest surgeries, especially open heart surgery. This study was performed to investigate the effect of standard nursing care package (appropriate bed height, breathing exercises and postural drainage) on the severity of atelectasis in patients after open heart surgery. Methods: In the present randomized clinical trial, 60 eligible patients who had open heart surgery were selected by available sampling method and then randomly divided into four blocks of intervention (30 patients) and control (30 patients). They got. In the control group, routine care was performed in the ward and for the intervention group. Data collection tools, data sheet and chest radiography were used to diagnose atelectasis. Results: The results showed that the intervention and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographic characteristics. The results also showed that although the incidence of atelectasis was lower in the intervention group than the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Due to the lack of effect of care package on reducing the incidence of atelectasis, it is suggested that due to the temporal and spatial limitations of this study, wider studies should be performed in other centers and more patients.  }, Keywords = {Nursing Care, Open Heart Surgery, Atelectasis}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {48-54}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-514-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-514-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shafaat, Ali and Alimohammadi, Nasrollah and Shahriari, Mohse}, title = {ٍEthical Care to Patients with Decreased Levels of Consciousness and its Relationship with Demographic Characteristics of Nurses in Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Introduction: The basis of the nursing profession is the observance of ethics in providing care. Therefore, this study aims to investigate providing ethical care to patients with decreased Levels of Consciousness (LOC) and its relationship with the demographic characteristics of nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The samples included 70 nurses working in ICUs, who met the inclusion criteria for the study and were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a two-part researcher-made questionnaire  including demographic characteristics ( 6 questions)  and 38 questions related to ethical care of patients with decreased LOC in two areas of nurse and professional commitment (20 questions), nurse and clinical services (18 questions). Reliability was obtained by internal consistency and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was obtained to be 0.869. The questionnaire was completed by self-reporting. Results: The results of the study showed that the total score of ethical care is from 108 to 151 with a mean and standard deviation (125/7± 09/ 67) from 152. This means that all nurses had a relatively high score of ethical care. Statistical tests also showed that there was no significant relationship between demographic variables of samples such as age, level of education, marital status and employment status with the total score of ethical care in ICUs ((P> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings it can be stated that there is no statistically significant relationship between nurses 'demographic characteristics and patients' ethical care with decreased LOC. It can be concluded that nurses, especially nurses of ICUs who care for patients with reduced LOC, regardless of their different types of demographic variables, feel ethically responsible for providing care to their patients and try to provide care services with the highest ethical standards.}, Keywords = {Intensive care Units, Ethics, Nursing, Demographic Characteristics}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-522-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-522-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Goshvarpour, Atefeh and Goshvarpour, Ateke}, title = {Estimation of Covid-19 Mortality Rate in Iran using the Autoregressive Model}, abstract ={Introduction: The COVID-19 is an emerging global pandemic which has been developed from a new type of coronavirus in the form of a viral infection with high transmissibility and spread. The disease has so far infected millions and killed thousands. Since the outbreak of the disease, many researchers have become interested in modeling and estimating the probable number of infected people with COVID-19 or estimating the mortality rate from this pandemic in a specific period of time and in different countries. These models make it possible to better understand the behavior of this pandemic and predict its trend. This study aimed to model the mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic in five consecutive months in Iran. Materials and Methods: The Autoregressive (AR) model and the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model were analyzed to test the ability of these models to estimate the mortality rate of COVID-19 disease from March to July. The performance of these models was evaluated with three criteria: mean square error, cost function, and final prediction error. The models were evaluated on the number of deaths confirmed by the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the AR model with a rank of ten was successfully able to predict the mortality rate of COVID-19. Conclusion: The proposed model can predict the death rate of the COVID-19 pandemic. Estimating the mortality rate of the COVID-19 pandemic helps to better understand the behavior of this disease and predict its trends, which affect the type and timing of actions to control it.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Modeling, Mortality Rate, Iran, Autoregressive Model}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-21}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-524-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-524-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Asadiyan, Mahdi and Heidari, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The Incidence of Adverse Events Associated with Physiological Changes during the Transfer of Patients in Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Most critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units need to be transferred to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This transfer can be associated with adverse events such as disorders of various cardiovascular systems, respiration and nerves. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of adverse events related to physiological changes during transfer from Intensive Care Units (ICU) in Jahrom Pimanyani Hospital, Jahrom, Iran. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data on patient transfers from the ICU of a university hospital were collected from 9 February 2019 to 10 August 2019. Descriptive and analytical statistics indices were analyzed by SPSS software 22. Results: Out of 588 cases of transfer, 536 patients (91.2%) had adverse events. Actually, 351 (65.5%) of the adverse events were related to physiological changes in the body. The most common adverse events in cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems included an increase of heart rate(≥ 20)  by 15.9%, a 5% decrease in SPO2 for more than one minute by 32.5%, agitation by 15.1%; vomiting by 15.1% and hypoglycemia by 0.2%.  The most common adverse event was increased pain by 11.4%. The results of chi-square test showed that there was a significant relationship between gender and the incidence of adverse events (p-value = 0.035). Conclusion: The results showed that the incidence of adverse events during the transfer is high, which can be due to lack of equipment needed during the transfer, illness of patients and also human errors due to inadequate training of the transfer team. It is recommended to help reduce the incidence of adverse events by standardizing the equipment needed during the transfer as well as giving necessary training to the transfer team. The existence of numerous and serious physiological deficiencies of patients in need of special care is indicative of numerous managerial and organizational problems that are in conflict with the safety of patients at risk.  }, Keywords = {Adverse Events, Patient Transfer, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {22-33}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-501-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-501-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Balazadeh, Leila and Mirzaian, Bahram and Hasanzadeh, Ramaz}, title = {Relationships of Brain Behavioral System and Anxiety Sensitivity with Psychological Vulnerability in People with Asthma under Intensive Care}, abstract ={Background and aim: One of the debates in psychology is the relationship between physical illnesses and the resulting psychological and psychological phenomena that can cause extensive harm to the individual. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of the behavioral brain system and anxiety sensitivity with psychosocial vulnerability in people with asthma who are under intensive care. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational based on Structural Equation Modeling. To determine the sample size according to the number of observed variables and allocating a coefficient of 10 for each observed variable (24 variables observed in the model), and considering the probability of incomplete questionnaires, 250 people were selected as the target sample. The used instruments included the Brain Behavioral System Questionnaire, Psychological Vulnerability Questionnaire and Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the behavioral brain system through anxiety sensitivity has an impact on the psychiatric vulnerability of asthmatic patients and the effects of direct and indirect pathways 74 percent of the variable of psychological vulnerability can be explained by the brain behavioral system and anxiety sensitivity. In general, the research model was approved. Conclusion: Considering the presence of psychological factors in asthma and identifying the role of emotional and anxiety factors in the extent of mental injury in patients, it is recommended that therapists consider protocols based on cognitive behavioral patterns in these groups of patients.}, Keywords = {Behavior, Anxiety, Psychological, Asthma}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {34-43}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-523-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-523-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {fazljoo, Seyede Elham and Jarahzade, Mohamad Hossein and Saatchi, Maryam and Sheykhalishahi, Ali}, title = {Comparison of Three Eye Care Methods in the Incidence of Keratitis in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background and aim: Eye care in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) prevents eye diseases and vision loss. However, as preserving vital organs in patients who are hospitalized in ICUs seems to be more important than eye care, this important issue is often overlooked. There is also disagreement about eye care methods, and sometimes nurses provide eye care based on their personal opinions rather than standards. This can lead to keratitis in patients. Therefore, this study has been designed in order to compare three eye care methods for preventing keratitis in patients who are hospitalized in ICUs. Methods: The present study is a double-blind clinical trial that was performed on 74 patients who were admitted to the ICU in 2018. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of the eye care groups by simple random method (dice throwing). For the first intervention group whose dice outcomes were 1or 4, the ointment and anti-allergy adhesive methods were considered. For the second intervention group with dice outcome of 2 or 5, eye ointment and artificial tears methods was considered and for the third intervention group with dice outcome of 3 and 6, anti-allergy adhesive methods and artificial tears were applied. Every eight hours the patients' eyes were washed with distilled water and cotton and the eye care was renewed. Their eyes were examined by an ophthalmologist on the first day and at the end of the seventh day using a fluorescein test. Results: At the end of the study, 60 eyes (30 patients) were analyzed. The incidence of ocular keratitis was the same in each of the three groups. Therefore the use of simple eye ointment, eye care by anti-allergic adhesive with a width of 1.25 and eye care by artificial tear method had no significant effect on the incidence of keratitis. Also, except for four cases, two of which were related to eye care with anti-allergic adhesive and two of which were related to eye care with artificial tears, that were not statistically significant, there were no reports of keratitis and eye involvement. Conclusion: Eye care with simple eye ointment can be more effective in maintaining corneal health than the two methods of using adhesive and artificial tears, although this difference was not significant. It seems that keeping a constant amount of moist for eyes, in addition to keeping the eyelids closed, can prevent the occurrence of eye complications and disorders in patients that are admitted in ICUs and have a reduced level of consciousness.}, Keywords = {Eye Ointment, Artificial Tears, Anti-allergic Adhesive, Keratitis, Eye Care, Intensive Care Units}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {44-51}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-479-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-479-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Yekefallah1, Leili and Dostmohamadi, Saeideh and Azimyan, Jalil and Mafi, Maryam}, title = {The Effect of Music on Physiological Indices of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background and aim: Providing nursing care that has the least complication and highest efficacy in ill patients is the most important goal in nursing care. This study aimed to investigate the effect of music on the physiological indices of traumatic patients admitted to trauma Intensive Care Units (ICU) in Qazvin. Actually, this study was carried out in order to examine the efficacy of music as a simple and uncomplicated intervention in improving the physiological symptoms of abnormalities, thus helping to improve nursing care and reduce hospitalization time. Methods: This study was a clinical trial with code of ethics IR.QUMS.REC.1397.276. The study population consisted of traumatic patients admitted to trauma ICU in Qazvin in 2018-2019. Patients with inclusion criteria were selected based on the Stress Pain Sampling and were randomly assigned into control (n=27) and intervention (n=27) groups. In the control group, only routine day care was performed for the patients. In the selected music test group, the patients received headphones for 15 minutes during seven days. The data collection tool in this study was three questionnaires: a) demographic information questionnaire and b) checklist of vital signs status. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23 software  and descriptive and inferential statistics tests (independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher exact test). The significance level of all tests was considered p <0.05. Results: In this study, 54 samples were included in the statistical analysis. Demographic characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups (p> 0.05). After the intervention in the sixth and seventh days of the study, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation in the two groups (P <0.05). In regards to the temperature of the patients, there was no statistical differences between two groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that gentle music play for 15 minutes during seven days increase oxygen saturation and decrease pulse rate, respiration, blood pressure but does not affect body temperature. Music seems to be a cheap, safe and easy intervention for coma patients with critical conditions as a viable solution to improve the status of their vital signs.}, Keywords = {Physiological Indicators, Head Trauma, Music}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {52-62}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-511-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-511-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Oshvandi, Khodayar and Hadadsamani, Meysam and Manafi, Babak and MolaviVardanjani, Mehdi}, title = {The Effect of the White Noise on Sleep Quality and Comfort of Patients after Open Heart Surgery}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Hospitalization in Intensive Care Units (ICU) causes sleep and comfort disturbances in patients and has an adverse effect on the recovery process of these patients. One of the factors affecting sleep and comfort of patients is ambient noise. This study aimed to determine the effect of the white noise on sleep quality and comfort of patients. Material and methods: The present study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial with 60 patients undergoing open heart surgery who had admitted in the ICU in Hamadan in 2018. Patients in the experimental group selected one of the three sounds of rain, sea and river waves and played them with headphones for three nights for 20-30 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. The sleep quality of patients was measured using standard St Mary's Hospital Sleep Quality Questionnaires and VAS.   Results: The results showed that there were no differences in demographic and clinical characteristics (nausea, medications, type of surgery, length of stay, duration of surgery) in the control and experimental groups. The results also showed that using white noise significantly reduces sleep disturbance and increases comfort in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.001). Conclusion: The use of white noise such as the sound of sea waves, river sound and rain in ICU patients after open heart surgery reduces their sleep disturbance and increases their comfort.}, Keywords = {Patient’s Comfort, Sleep Quality, Cardiac Surgeryy}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {63-69}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-498-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-498-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} }