@article{ author = {CarlMiller, Andrew and Rahimibashar, Farshid and Vahedian-Azimi, Amir}, title = {Effect of religiosity and spirituality on the incidence of delirium: the neglected effect}, abstract ={The incidence and prevalence of delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) are extremely high. Generally, the incidence and prevalence of delirium in the hospitalized patients in ICU are 29-31% (1, 2) and 11-25% (3, 4), respectively. Each additional day with delirium increases a patient’s risk of dying by 10%. The incidence of delirium among mechanically ventilated patients compared to non-intubated patients is reported 45 to 87% more (5-8).   Due to the high prevalence of delirium in hospitalized patients in the ICU, the many effects of delirium on the short and long term outcomes of patients, and the imposition of high costs on the health system; several studies have assessed the impacts of delirium to outcomes of patients and healthcare systems (8,9). Recently, a study looking at costs over 1 year following an episode of delirium, estimated that delirium is responsible for between $60,000 and $64,000 of additional health-care costs per patient with delirium per year; at national level, total direct 1-year health-care costs attributable to delirium might range from $38 billion to up to $152 billion nationally (9). The cost associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients in the United States of America is around 4–16 billion dollars per year (10) which is impacts of the delirium on the health system. The short-term implications of delirium for hospitalized patients in ICU include prolonged hospital stay, functional decline during hospitalization, increased risk of developing a hospital-acquired complication, and increased admission to long-term care (11, 12). Chronic cognitive impairment and different physical and psychological functional disability are among the long-term impacts for hospitalized patients in ICU (13). In overall, it can be concluded that there are differences between the complications of Delirium incidence, both short and long term, in admitted patients to the ICU by sex, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, and even the degree to which one practices an organized religion (religiosity) (14).   According to the definition, religiosity and spirituality are broadly defined as feelings, thoughts, experiences and behaviors that arise from searching for the “sacred,” with former implying group or social practices and doctrines, and the latter referring to personal experiences and beliefs (15, 16).    It’s been reported that approximately 90% of Iranians (USA 84%) report religious affiliation, and 96% of Iranians (USA 82%) report religion as at least somewhat or very important in their lives (17, 18). Several systematic reviews of the literature support a relationship between religiosity promoting improved health behaviors (19, 20) and lower all-cause mortality (21, 22). Emerging evidence suggests that religiosity and spirituality are correlated with improved mental and physical health outcomes, including decreased rates of depression (23), anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, and coronary heart disease (24). Despite the recognition of the impacts of the delirium occurrence and its high cost on the health system from one side, and the relationship between religiosity and the delirium event, which significantly improves the consequences of it, from other side (19-22), to the best knowledge of the researchers, Still, the study does not investigate the effect of religiosity and spirituality on the severity of delirium to determine whether different levels of religiosity and spirituality cause different levels of delirium in admitted patients to the ICU or the effects of medications, the environment of the ICU and so on …. without affecting the different levels of religiosity, there are different degrees of delirium? which brings up a chicken-or-the-egg conundrum.}, Keywords = {Delirium, Intensive care unit, Religiosity, Spirituality}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-453-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-453-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Abolfazl and Soleymanzadeh, Hamid and Fizi, Fakhrodin and SirtiNir, Masood and Bahramhfar, Ali}, title = {Frequency Assessment of Nutritional Consequences in Admitted Patients to Intensive Care Units: A Cross-sectional study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation are some of the common problems of hospitalized patients. These problems are exacerbated by the hospitalization of patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation of hospitalized patients in the ICU. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. In the study, 104 hospitalized patients in the ICU were selected through convenience sampling in a period of six months, from the 1st September 2018 to the 1st of March  of the same year, based on the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using demographic and nutritional status assessment questionnaires.  Data were gathered using demographic and nutritional status assessment questionnaires retrieved from a specific form in this regard from the Ministry of Health. Results: Hospitalized patients in the ICU were evaluated for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Among them, 50% had vomiting, 44.3% had nausea, 35.7% had diarrhea, and 12.7% had constipation. Conclusion: Given the significant adverse nutritional outcomes of the hospitalized patients to the ICU, considering a standardized and condition-based plan may reduce the negative nutritional outcomes of these patients.}, Keywords = {Frequency of Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea and Constipation in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-8}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-434-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-434-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Asgari, Zohreh and Pahlavanzadeh, Saeed and Alimohammadi, Nasrollah and Alijanpour, Shay}, title = {Quality of Holistic Nursing Care from Critical Care Nurses\' Point of View}, abstract ={Background and aim: Quality care providing is one of the main goals of health care services and a nurse is a team axis and plays a key role in this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of nursing care from nurses' point of view and its relationship with demographic and professional variables. Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytic study that was performed by a demographic and standard Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPAC) questionnaire which has 72 questions in terms of psychosocial, physical and communication dimensions based on a Likert scale. The sample consisted of 200 nurses who worked in the intensive care unit of Isfahan- Iran. Results: According to the participant's viewpoints, the average quality of nursing care in patients was favorable in physical and communication dimensions (2.63 ± 0.29). It was also to some extent desirable in the psychosocial aspect (2.45 ± 0.28). Also, there was a significant relationship between age, experience, type of employment, amount of overtime working and the quality of nursing care (p <0.05). Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between professional characteristics and the quality of holistic nursing care, it is suggested that health managers adjust the amount of overtime hours and also take into account the experience of expert nurses in order to take an effective step in formulating necessary policies in improving the quality of nursing care.}, Keywords = {Iran, intensive care unit, Nurses, holistic nursing care.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-14}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-445-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-445-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Fasihi, Mohamad and Heravi-Karimooi, Majideh and rejeh, Nahid and sharifnia, hamid and javanmadnejad, s0mayyeh}, title = {Evaluation of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus}, abstract ={Background and aim: Uremic pruritus due to chronic kidney disease is one of the most important and common symptoms in these patients as well as more severe in patients with end-stage renal disease. Evidence suggests that mental disorders, especially anxiety and depression, are very common in patients with chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodialysis; The aim of this study was to determine the level of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus in selected hospitals of Tehran in 2019.  Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical correlational study. The study population consisted of 300 hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus in selected hospitals of Tehran in 2019 randomly selected. The instruments used in this study were demographic information questionnaire, Yosipovitch Pruritus questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaire (HADS).   Results: The sample in this study was 300 persons. The mean anxiety score was 2.14 ± 10.14 and the mean depression score was 2.41±9.62 indicating high levels of anxiety and depression in these patients. Among the demographic variables, there was a statistically significant relationship between the underlying diseases with the level of anxiety and depression. According to the p-value, there is a significant positive relationship between mean severity of uremic pruritus   and anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the level of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients participating in the study was high which could risk their health. The results also show that the higher the severity of the pruritus, the greater the degree of anxiety and depression. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the severity of depression and anxiety in these patients by providing appropriate strategies for the treatment of pruritus.  }, Keywords = {Key words: anxiety, depression, hemodialysis, uremic pruritus}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-23}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-447-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-447-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Nikravan, Malahat and Tayar, Zahra and Shiri, Hosein and Shaarbaf, ELHAM}, title = {Training Needs Assessment of Emergency Nurses Regarding the use of Mechanical Ventilation}, abstract ={Background and aim: The way that the nurses working in Emergency Departments (ED) encounter the patients under mechanical ventilator is different and their knowledge is limited in this field. Therefore the present study aims to determine the training needs of nurses related to the utilization of mechanical ventilators. Method: In this descriptive study, 98 nurses working at emergency departments of top rated hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences filled the questionaire. This researcher designed questionaire included demographic data, evaluation of knowledge in the format of scenario, evaluation of attitude and a paper of skill checklist , were used after validity and reliability confirmation. Analysis of data were done by SPSS version 22 and parameteric and non-parameteric tests. Results: Most of the nurses participanting in this study were female (86.7%) and in the age group of 25 to 35 years. Among them, 74.5% of ED nurses had work experience less than 1 year in the Intencive Care Unit (ICU), and 51% hadn’t passed ED nusing course. The most training need in the area of knowledge included patients intubation; in the area of skill included setting the ventilator’s parameters and in the area of attitude included fear of taking care of patients under ventilator. Conclusion: According to the results of need assessment, it is mandetory to pay attention to the problems and demands of nursing in their educational programming. In order to meet profesional needs, short daily educational courses should be held and practical and skill aspects should be considered in training nurses.}, Keywords = {Needs assessment, mechanical ventilation, nurse}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {24-33}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-433-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-433-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Solymanzadeh, Farhad and Rokhafroz, Darush and Asadizaker, Marziyeh and Dastoorpoor, Maryam}, title = {The Relationship between Shift Work and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases among Nurses Working in Hospitals of Abadan}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) have been considered to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Various factors such as occupational and environmental risk factors affect CVDs. Nowadays, shift work is considered to be an occupational stressor. Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding to the relationship between shift work and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between shift work and the risk of cardiovascular diseases based on the Framingham Risk Score among nurses working in hospitals associated with Abadan Faculty of Medical Science during 2019. Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytic study which has been conducted on 120 nurses divided to 60 shift workers and 60 day workers working in hospitals associated with Abadan Faculty of Medical Science. The participants were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using two-section tools including demographic data (smoking and medical and occupational history) and the Framingham Risk Score which were collected through check lists and interviews. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using a digital measuring device. The participants' blood pressure was measured by standard method and two month follow-up. Measurements were taken at the beginning and end of the shift. Blood Total Chol and HDL were measured in a 5cc intravenous blood sample after 10-12 hours fasting time and were measured by standard laboratory technique. In all the tests, a confidence level of 95% and a significance level less than 0.05 was considered. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 22. Results: According to the results of this study it can be concluded that the mean age shift workers and day workers were 32.20±2.97 and 37.43±2.90 respectively. Also, job experience in shift workers and day workers were 8.40±4.42 and 14.10±3.12 years respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between prevalence of CVD risk and shift work based on Framingham Risk Score (p=0.04). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that shift work is a risk factor for CVD disturbances. These findings may be of use for nurses and other relevant authorities for screening and even preventing CVD    }, Keywords = {Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Nurse, Shift Work, Framingham Risk Score}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {34-41}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-432-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-432-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Moradian, Seyed Tayeb}, title = {Correction of Numbers or the Final Outcomes in Taking Care of Critically Ill Patients: A Narrative Review}, abstract ={Multiple organ dysfunction syndromes are extremely common in the ICU. The failure of different organs including the heart, kidney, lung and circulation has prompted specialists to consider replacement therapies. Treatment programs in the intensive care units focus on two main goals: 1- Correcting numbers and clinical conditions 2- Fixing the underlying problem. This fundamental question raises that can the outcomes be improved by the remediation of clinical conditions and replacement therapies until the underlying problem is eliminated? This study evaluated the scientific evidence for some of these replacement therapies. Despite the good effects of replacement therapies,  still it cannot well manage the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. To conclude it can be stated that the current treatments are not the best option, but they are the best available one at the moment. Perhaps this critical point may lead to a new mindset in identifying the pathophysiology of critical illnesses and as a result may provide appropriate therapeutic strategies.}, Keywords = {Critical Care, Anemia, Acute Kidney Injury, Bicarbonate, Inotrope}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {42-46}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-449-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-449-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Saeid, Yaser and Salaree, Mohammad Mahdi and Ebadi, Abbas and Moradian, Seyed Tayeb}, title = {Family Intensive Care Unit Syndrome (FICUS): letters to the editor}, abstract ={Honorable editor   The process of patient admission to Intensive Care Unit is a potentially stressful reality and event; a situation in which pain and physical disorders induced by illness are associated with secondary emotional fluctuations in fear of diagnostic-therapeutic measures, sleep deprivation, and inactivity [1]. On the other hand, the patient's separation from his/her relatives, which occurs at the time of admission to the ICU, exacerbates his or her pain. For this reason, experts believe that in addition to receiving care from the treatment team, ICU patient needs the reassurance, comfort and support that only family and relatives can provide [2]. Accordingly, patients are not considered just as patients, but also as cares and partners of the treatment team, especially at the time of decision making. Therefore, the shift towards a family-centered care reflects the change in the nature of traditional roles and as one of the crucial components in enhancing quality of care and optimizing outcomes of the ICU [3]. That’s while, following the patient's admission to the care unit, other family members may experience several psychological disorders as Family Intensive Care Unit Syndrome because of the complex nature of the ICU, the suddenness of the hospitalization process, and the lack of familiarity with the care and treatment process [4]. This syndrome includes the incidence of disorders and illnesses among family members of patients with acute critical illness admitted to critical illnesses requiring long-term hospital care that can lead to multiple psychological, physical, social, and even spiritual symptoms [5]. In addition to threatening family health, these disorders are also important from other perspectives, including the transmission of anxiety to the patient and others, reduced distrust of the medical team, rejection of treatments, anger, complaints, and conflict [6]. While, attending to and providing the basic needs of families will result in reduced anxiety and increased trust in the medical team and improved quality of services provided to patients and families and subsequently their increased satisfaction. Therefore, when a person is admitted to the ICU, caring for the family is just as important. Because patient family members have an important role to play in providing basic information for nursing care preparation and patient support, so they should be considered as an important and significant group for the patient [7]. On the other hand, sometimes following the recovery and transfer of the patient from the ICU, many of these patients still need continued home care that requires family involvement and contribution, so the process will be successful if family members are healthy enough to do tasks as a caring role. Therefore, health care professionals should organize the effects of the patient’s Family Care Unit Syndrome in families, since the care environment is not possible without considering the role of families [8]. However, despite the importance of family in the care and treatment system, and in particular in the ICU, unfortunately, currently health care systems do not have sufficient preventive programs to prevent family-threatening disorders and adverse psychological outcomes in family members of patients. This issue is of particular importance in the nursing profession's view because nurses in the ICU are more involved in the patient care process than in other members of the healthcare team and are more responsive and sensible in relation to the needs of families. On the other hand, if the goal is to provide comprehensive and high-quality care, nurses in the ICU should pay special attention to the patients’ families in addition to the patients’ mental and social needs [9]. On the other hand, caring for families is one of the most skilled nursing interventions to ensure that families are able to understand and deal with their loved one's admission in ICU, so that nurses working in the ICU, by providing such interventions, play an important role in developing relationships with family members to lessen their experience with fear and anxiety [10]. Therefore, family care of patients admitted to ICUs should be seen alongside patient care and treatment. Achieving this goal requires specialized programs to ensure their health, including giving proper awareness and training of treatment staff, purposeful and principled participation of family members in the process of care and treatment, specialized evaluation of the FICUS and appropriately holding of empowerment workshops for family members.}, Keywords = {Special Care Unit, Family}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-457-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-457-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Musavi, Farhan and Gholizadeh, Behnam and Rahimi, Abolfazl and heidari, mohammad rez}, title = {The Effect of the Holy Quran Voice on Improving Sleep Quality of Patients after Cardiac Surgery}, abstract ={Background and aim: Many patients have trouble sleeping after heart surgeries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Holy Quran Voice on improving the quality of patients' sleep after cardiac surgery. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from December to March 2012 on 108 patients undergoing elective open heart surgery in the Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz. The data collection tools included demographic data, clinical variables and the Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. In the intervention group, the sound of the Holy Quran was broadcasted twice a day each lasting for 10 minutes. The sleep quality was assessed every day. Results: Due to the lack of sphericity, the Greenhouse-Geisser correction showed that the use of the Holy Quran voice was effective on the sleep quality of the patients (F = 12.451 and P <0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the use of the Holy Quran voice increased the quality of sleep after cardiac surgery.  }, Keywords = {Holy Quran Voice, Sleep, Heart Surgery, Music Therapy}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {4-11}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-446-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-446-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {HedayatYaghoobi, Mojtaba and Kabir, Kourosh and Rahimibashar, Farshid and Taher, Abbas and raji, maryam}, title = {Gold Standard for Diagnosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Centers Without the Possibility of Performing Bronchoscopy: A Cross Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common and very serious problem which its early diagnosis and treatment can save the lives of patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine the gold standard for the diagnosis of VAP in centers without the possibility of conducting bronchoscopy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 85 patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Besat Hospital in Hamadan whom met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The sensitivity and specificity of components and the two criteria of the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) (pulmonary infiltration, body temperature, white blood cell count, tracheal and blood cultures, and arterial partial fraction of oxygen) and the Serum Procalcitonin Level (SPCL) higher than 0.5ng/ml were calculated as the gold standard. Results: According to the findings of this study, 72.94% of the patients were male with an age average of 46.94 ± 18.91 years. The frequency of VAP diagnosis was 75.3% by using CPIS, and 56.47% by using SPCL. Considering the combination of the two mentioned criteria as the golden standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the CPIS criteria in the diagnosis of VAP was 97.7% and 95.1%, respectively.  The Youden test index was calculated to be 0.889. Conclusion: To conclude, findings reveal that the introduced golden standard in this study is a reliable method for the diagnosis of VAP in centers without the possibility of performing bronchoscopy.}, Keywords = {Clinical pulmonary infection score, Procalcitonin, Ventilator-associated pneumonia.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-20}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-454-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-454-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Abolghasem and Heravi-karimooi, Majideh and Rrejeh, Nahid and Javanmard, Somayeh}, title = {Professional Self-concept in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background and aim: Professional self-concept is an individual’s perception of self as a professional person which affects his/her thinking, role development and professional functions. Among various professions, some need higher levels of self-concept. The nursing profession has been considered to have a special status in this regard. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine professional self-concept in nurses working in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) in the selected university hospitals of Tehran in 2018-19. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical study which was performed on 540 nurses working in the ICU of selected university hospitals in Tehran. Sampling was done randomly. The instruments used in this study included the Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Quinn Professional Self-concept Questionnaire. Results: The mean score of professional self-concept was 218/36±29/91. The highest and the lowest scores were respectively related to the dimensions of knowledge and leadership with the mean of 43/22±4/76 and 17/23±5/93. Pearson's correlation coefficient between all dimensions of professional self-concept was calculated. The significance level for all dimensions was 0.001. As a result, a significant relationship exists between these dimensions. Conclusion: Although the ICU nurses gained relatively high scores in professional self-concept, especially in the knowledge dimension, however it was far from ideal. Also, these nurses gained the lowest scores in the leadership dimension which reveals the weakness of nurses in this context. To conclude, it seems more than necessary to train nurses in this field in order to increase their professional self-concept.     Keywords: Professional self-concept, Nurses, Intensive care units}, Keywords = {Professional self-concept, Nurses, Intensive care units}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {21-27}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-450-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-450-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {GORZIN, HASAN and Nehrir, Batool and Moradian, Seyyed Tayeb and Spandi, Mojtab}, title = {Nurses\' Moral Intelligence in a Selected Military Hospital. A Descriptive-Analytical Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Ethics is an inseparable part of nursing duties body   and one of the most important factors influencing human behavior. In fact, ethics can be considered as one of the main factors in promoting  respect of patient' rights.  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ethical intelligence of nurses working in general and  intensive care units in Tehran's selected military hospital. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was  performed from  July until  November 2018.The study was conducted on 120 out of 1,200 nurses working in the hospital who were selected based on the Morgan sample size table and allocated to the general and intensive care units, 40 of which were in the intensive care unit and 80 in the internal and surgical units. Ethical intelligence of the samples was measured using the Lenik and Kiel moral intelligence questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Results: The inclusion criteria were at least one year of  job experience, at least a bachelor's degree in nursing and  aged  22 to 50 years. The samples consisted of 56 females and 64 males, of which 107 were married and 13 single, 12 had a master's degree and 108  bachelor's degree. The mean and standard deviation of nurses' moral intelligence was 75.25 (SD=8.47) and in general wards was 73.26 (SD=9.87) and in intensive care unit nurses was 77.25 (SD=7.07). The highest level among the four criteria of nurses' moral intelligence was honesty in the general and intensive care units with a mean of 79.62 (SD=11.22) which in the general unit 79.00 (SD=10.32) and in intensive care unit  80.25 (SD=12.12).The results showed that 77.5% of nurses were in good and higher level of moral intelligence. Conclusion: The results indicate the importance and place of ethical teaching in nursing. The nurse's attitude  towards the patient, herself and her job can promote this profession. Therefore, today acquiring ethical knowledge and the ability to cultivate nurses' moral intelligence is one of the essentials in this profession. It is recommended to provide appropriate ethics training for nurses in the form of in-service courses. due to the difference in the nurses moral intelligence in the general and intensive care units, which indicates hospital managers pay more attention to the intensive care units, so managers need to have the same sensitivity and attention to general units as to intensive care units.}, Keywords = {General unit nurse, intensive care unit nurse, moral intelligence, Military hospital, descriptive study}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {28-34}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-448-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-448-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Zafari, Ehsan and Rokhafroz, Dariush and Dashtebozorgi, bahman and maraghi, Elham}, title = {The Effectiveness of Based-Mobile Education on Anxiety of Patients Candidate Coronary Angiography}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Diagnostic methods, including coronary angiography, are a stressful experience for patients undergoing angiography that can cause anxiety in these patients. Educating and raising patients' awareness is one of these methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile-based education on anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: study was performed in Golestan teaching hospital in Ahwaz in 2018. One type of clinical trial was easy with non-probability sampling. 94 patients who were candidates for coronary angiography were divided into two groups of intervention and control using a 4-block design.In addition to demographic information, the patients in the control group received the training content via mobile software and the patients in the treatment group received routine hospital education Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory was completed by the researcher in both groups. The data were then analyzed using SPSS software. Results: According to the results of analysis of variance with repeated measures of time interaction effect and independent t-test, the two groups had no significant difference in the level of anxiety before the intervention and were almost the same. After intervention in the control group, the mean score increased in each phase, but in the experimental group the mean score of anxiety decreased in each phase.   Conclusion: The use of mobile-based teaching method was effective in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography.  }, Keywords = {Mobile Application, Angiography, Anxiety}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {35-41}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-455-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-455-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tayebi, ali and Rahimi, Abolfazl and Einollahi, Behzad and Mirsadeghi, Amir and Hashemi, Saei}, title = {The Effect of Continues Care Model on Adherence to Treatment in Hemodialysis Patients}, abstract ={Background and aim: any change in health situation will affect the role of the nurse. Since the adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients plays a significant role  and Failure to comply with it may have dangerous side effects and even death, so nurse as one of the pillars of treatment can reduce such Complications with his/her educational role in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of utilization of Continuous care model on adherence to treatment. Methods: This study is a clinical trial with a purposive ambling technique, After selection according to inclusion criteria, 98 hemodialysis patients from baqiatolah and chamran hospital were Randomly divided into two experimental and control group, three months of continuous care intervention on the experimental group was conducted And by the end of each month adherence to treatment status of patients in both groups was evaluated and compared with the Kim exclusive questionnaire of adherence to treatment. Result: adherence to treatment trend of changein the intervention group was increase inguinal three stages of evaluation which this difference was statistically significant (P=0/0001). Conclusions: Due to the significant increase in adherence to treatment after applying continuous care model, teaching the self-care skills to this group of patients and also other chronic diseases is recommended.}, Keywords = {hemodialysis patients , continuous care model , adherence to treatment}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-405-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-405-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Parandeh, Akram}, title = {The Necessity of Preserving Human Dignity of Patients in Intensive Care Units: Letter to the Editor}, abstract ={The concept of human dignity has always been at the center of attention of scholars and philosophers throughout the history of human life. This concept has been emphasized in all religions and in fact, has been the endeavor of all religious leaders to defend and preserve the inherent dignity of man. The preservation of human dignity is one of the basic principles of human rights. The World Health Organization (WHO), in its 1994 declaration, considered the importance of dignity to be an important factor in improving the health of patients and considered the right to give an informed consent, access to health services, the confidentiality of information, and privacy as important (1(. The concept of human dignity has always been considered in the nursing profession. Thus, the essence and essential nature of nursing care is to protect the patient's human dignity (2).   This concept has been first emphasized in the Nurses Ethical Charter by the American Nurses Association (2001) and in the Nursing Ethics Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2011) as one of the fundamental values ​​of the nursing profession. So that "all human beings have high human dignity and must be respected. Therefore, all patients should be respected by health care workers, regardless of their social, economic, and cultural status (3, 4). Despite recent attention to the concept of dignity, the term remains a vague, complex and interpretable concept and has not yet been given a comprehensive and specific definition by consensus experts. On the other hand, the concept of dignity overlaps with other human values ​​including privacy, respect, and independence (1).}, Keywords = {human dignity, intensive care unit}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-462-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-462-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of psychological empowerment training on resiliency of premature infants hospitalized in intensive care unit}, abstract ={Background and purpose: Hospitalization of neonates in intensive care unit leads to psychological vulnerability of their mothers so that they need urgent care support. Given the impact of psychological empowerment on coping with stressful situations, this study aimed to determine the effect of psychological empowerment training on maternal resiliency of premature neonates hospitalized in intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental, single-group pre-test and post-test study in which 40 mothers of premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit were enrolled. The psychological empowerment training program for mothers was conducted in 7 sessions of 45 minutes in groups of 4-5. Before and after the intervention, the data were collected using demographic questionnaire and Conner Davidson questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The results showed that the mean score of resiliency and all its subscales after intervention were significantly higher than before. The mean total resilience score was increased from 33.93 ±9.75 to 72.45 ±5.63 (P <0.001). Conclusion: Psychological empowerment training can increase maternal resiliency of neonates hospitalized in intensive care units. Therefore, due to the important role of mothers in the care of premature infants admitted to intensive care units, increased maternal resilience can lead to improved care of premature infants.  }, Keywords = {Keywords: Psychological Empowerment, Resiliency, Neonates, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {6-14}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-472-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-472-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jahantigh, Farnaz and Yaghoubinia, Farib}, title = {Effect of pain management algorithm on pain intensity in patients with loss of consciousness}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Pain management program can be helpful in patients with loss of consciousness due to decrease in analgesic drugs, prolonged hospital stay; and also decrease in cost of admission, medicine and medical treatment. The current study was done aimed to determine the effect of pain management algorithm on level of consciousness in patients with loss of consciousness . Materials & Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 90 patients with loss of consciousness under mechanical ventilation were selected through convenience method and were randomly allocated into two groups of 45 people as the intervention and control groups. Pain management algorithm was implemented in intervention group for 24 hours in morning shift between 8-10, evening shift between 15-17 and in the night shift between 22-24. Data collection tools were the demographic information form and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Behavior Pain Scale (BPS). Results:. In terms of level of consciousness, there was no significant difference between the two groups after the intervention, but the mean of volume of sedation drugs was significant different between the two groups in morning and night shift (p<0.05) Conclusion: The use of the pain management algorithm can significantly impact on volume of sedation but has no effect on level of consciousness.}, Keywords = {Key words: Intensive Care Unit, Loss of consciousness, pain management algorithm, pain}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {15-24}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-470-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-470-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Yekefallah, Leili and Mohammadi, Sareh and Yaghoubi, Siamak and Mafi, Maryam}, title = {Assessment the relationship between sodium and potassium, serum level in Admission time with clinical outcome in head trauma patients}, abstract ={Background: Traumatic brain injury is the second leading cause of death in Iran. Understanding the factors affecting the clinical outcome of these patients can improve the therapeutic outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum sodium and potassium admission time and clinical outcomes in traumatic patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical study performed in the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaee hospital in Qazvin. 70 mechanically ventilated headache patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling. Patients were divided into two groups: hyponatremia (sodium <135) and normonatremia (sodium ≥135) and potassium level on the day of admission were divided into two groups: hypokalemia (potassium< 3.5) and normokalemia (3.5≥ potassium) . Patients in hypoatremia group were compared with normonatremia group and patients in hypokalmia group with normokalmic group. Results: There was significant difference between the two groups of sodium  in successful weaning (p <0.05), but, There was no significant difference in endotracheal tube extubation, length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate (p> 0/05). There was a significant difference between the two groups of potassium in successful weaning and mortality rate (p> 0.05). There was no significant difference in endotracheal tube extubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Serum levels of potassium and sodium affect the clinical outcome of head trauma patients.}, Keywords = {Keywords: Ventilator Weaning, Mechanical Ventilation, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-461-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-461-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {mosavi, alireza and alvani, jamaleddi}, title = {The Application of Artificial Neural Network in Evaluating the Relationship between Nurses\' Empathy, Accountability and Responsibility with Patient Relaxation in Emergency Wards}, abstract ={Background and aim: Facing difficult situations have happened to all of us. One of these difficult situations is being informed about having a specific disease which can be extremely shocking and as a result, may cause mental illnesses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of artificial neural network on the effect of nurses 'empathy, responsiveness and responsibility on the patients' sense of hospitalization in emergency wards. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in January 2020. The statistical population included the patients in the emergency wards of Namazi Hospital of Shiraz. The sample size was calculated using 195 Cochran formula. Samples were selected using available random sampling method. The tool used in this study was a standard questionnaire with a confirmed validity and reliability. Also, the artificial neural networks have been used for data analysis. Results: The mean scores of patients' evaluation of nurses' empathy were 4.42 out of 5, responsibility was 4.48, responsiveness was 4.44 and patients' sense of calm was 4.52. The normalized significance level of the independent variables on the dependent variable according to the ANN spend was calculated as: Empathy 100, Accountability 68.6 and Accountability 59.5. Conclusion: In the hospital environment, different behaviors of nurses can have a great impact on the morale of frustrated patients. By creating a sense of empathy in patients with proper and timely responsiveness and good accountability (quality of services), respected nurses can develop a sense of comfort in their patients.}, Keywords = {Artificial Neural Networks, Empathy, Accountability, Responsibility, Patient Relaxation, Quality of Services}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {33-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-460-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-460-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Irani, Haniye and Pishkarmofrad, Zahra and Navidian, Ali and Rahatdahmardeh, Alirez}, title = {Comparing the Effect of Salvadora Persica Chewing Stick (miswak) and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Oral Health in Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Abstract: Background and aim: Oral health in patients in need of intensive care is considered extremely important as it can improve the health and clinical outcomes of these patients. One of the main duties of nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU) is to provide oral hygiene to patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of Salvadora persica chewing stick (miswak) and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral health of patients  hospitalized in ICU. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 70 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Khatam Hospital who had endotracheal intubation and no sensitivity to herbal compounds in the age range of 18 to 65 years in spring 2019. Patients with inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (miswak) and control (chlorhexidine). Data collection tools were demographic checklist and oral health assessment checklist which were completed through interviews and observations. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and independent t-test. Results: The patients in both intervention and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. There was no significant difference between the oral health status of patients in the first day (P = 0.2), but in the second to fourth day, the patients in the intervention group received significantly higher scores on oral health than the control group. The miswak group improved significantly; in other words, the effect of miswak on oral health was more than chlorhexidine mouthwash. Conclusion: By comparing the efficacy of Salvadora persica and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral health status of patients, it was revealed that Salvadora persica was more effective in promoting oral health than chlorhexidine mouthwash. Therefore, due to the advantages of herbal compounds, Salvadora persica can be a suitable alternative for chlorhexidine.  }, Keywords = {Intensive Care Unit, Salvadora persica chewing stick (miswak), Chlorhexidine Mouthwash, Oral Health}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {40-47}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-459-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-459-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Babatabar-darzi, Hossein and Babajani-Vafsi, Saeed and Mahmoudi, Hosein and Ebadi, Abbas and Vahedianazimi, Amir and Karimi, Leil}, title = {The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage on Patient\'s Physiological Parameters during Chest Tube Removal after Open Heart Surgery: A Double-blind Three-group, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Study}, abstract ={Abstract Background and aim: Chest tube removal after open heart surgery is of particular importance due to changes in physiological parameters.  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology massage on the physiological parameters during chest tube removal after open heart surgery. Methods: The double-blind, three-group, randomized, controlled, clinical trial study was conducted in Baqiyatallah and Jamaran hospitals in Tehran, Iran in 2011-2012. In order to do so, 88 patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly allocated to three groups of intervention (29 patients), placebo (30 patients) and control (29 patients) by a six-block random assignment. Before and after the intervention, vital signs and oxygen saturation percentages were measured immediately, five, ten and fifteen minutes later in all three groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using descriptive and inferential statistics (One-way ANOVA and paired t-test). Results: Results showed a significant decrease in heart rate and respiratory rate in the intervention group after chest tube removal(P<0.0001). Changes in the mean systolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation percentage were not significantly different between the three groups in different periods of times (P<0.05). Conclusion: Foot reflexology massage in the process of thoracic tube extraction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is effective in reducing the heart rate and respiratory rate to normal values and can be a useful and uncomplicated nursing intervention. However, further studies are needed to prove these findings.}, Keywords = {Clinical Trial, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, Massage, Physiologic Monitoring, Vital signs}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {48-58}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-467-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-467-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Neda and Garkaz, omid and Zahir, Leila and Mehryar, Hamid Rez}, title = {Causes of Mortality in Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia}, abstract ={Introduction: Hospital emergencies are of particular importance as they are considered as the first-line treatment for patients. Patient mortality in the emergency department is considered to be a problem as it has intensified in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of mortality in patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in the first half of 2017.   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, after obtaining permission, the medical file of all those patients who had referred to the emergency department during the period of April 1st to September 31st, 2017 and who had died in the emergency for any reason was gathered. Data were collected from the archive and were collected for variables such as age, sex, marital status, residence, initial complaint, length of hospital stay, visitation service, place of death and cause of death.   Results: A total of 133 cases were studied, of which 77 (57.9%) were male, 114 (85.7%) were married and 71 (53.4%) were residents of Urmia and the mean age of patients was 66/8±18/9. The most common complaints reported by patients or their companions were about consciousness loss and the least reported were chest pain, hematuria, and lower extremity swelling, respectively. A high percentage of mortality (58.6%) had occurred in patients who had been in the emergency department for 24 hours or less. The most common causes of mortality were cardiopulmonary deaths and cardiovascular disease, and ultimately in the evaluation of the duration of the disease (acute or chronic), 38 (28.6%) had acute disorder and 95 (71.4%) had a previous chronic disease.   Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, most of the causes of mortality included cardiopulmonary arrest and cardiovascular problems. These findings reveal the  importance of controlling and preventing these diseases and on the other hand, shows the necessity of proper planning, staff training and equipping the emergency departments in order to reduce mortality rates.}, Keywords = {Mortality, Patients, Emergency Service}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {9-1}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-475-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-475-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Falahinia, Gholam hosein and TayebiArasteh, Fariba and Mohamadi, Younes and molavivardanjani, mehdi}, title = {Effect of eye mask and ear plug on level of agitation and incidence of delirium in ICU admitted patients}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the most important problems in the intensive care unit patients is the increase  sensory over load. Delirium and agitation are its consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate  the effect of using non-invasive methods such as the use of eye masks and earplugs on the level of agitation  and the prevalence of delirium in hospitalized patients in intensive care units.   Materials and Methods: Present study was a randomized clinical trial of two groups of 88 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Besat Educational and Medical Center in Hamadan in 2017. Patients were randomly divided into two groups:  intervention and control. The intervention lasted from the second night for seven nights. In the intervention group for patients from 10 pm to 6 am simultaneously, eye mask and earplug were used and in the control group, no special intervention was performed. To measure the incidence of delirium, the CAM-ICU questionnaire and the RASS questionnaire were used to assess the level of agitation.   Results: The results of this study showed that patients in both intervention and control groups did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics, room conditions and hospitalization reasons. The results also showed that the use of instruments such as earplug  and eye plug  significantly reduced the level of agitation  (based on the RASS scale) in the intervention group compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the incidence of delirium based on CAM-ICU scale in the intervention group had a significant reduction rather than control group (P <0.001).   Conclusion: The use of eye mask and ear plug can reduce the incidence of delirium agitation of hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit  }, Keywords = {Delirium, Agitation, Eye Mask, Ear Plug}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {18-10}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-464-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-464-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {MASHHADI, SEYEDEH SADAT and HOSSEINKHANI, SEYEDEHNAVABEH and HEIDARI, MASOOMEH and tadrisi, seyed davoo}, title = {The Effect of Face to Face Information Support on the Anxiety of the Family of Hospitalized Patients in Cardiac Care Unit}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Family members of patients admitted to cardiac care units experience high levels of anxiety which can cause mental and physical problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of face to face information support on the anxiety of the family members of patients admitted to the Cardiac care unit has been assessed. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on family caregivers of patients admitted to cardiac care units in Sevome Shaban Damavand Hospital In 2019. Sixty family caregivers were divided into two groups of 30 intervention and control groups. Family caregivers of the intervention group received information support such as a face to face presentation content as a training booklet. The control group received the educational brochure. Both groups completed the demographic information form. The HADS questionnaire was completed in two stages. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the intervention and control groups anxiety scores were 8.53 (SD=2.46) and 7.70 (SD=2.29) respectively before the information support. The two groups had no significant difference in the level of anxiety before the intervention. After the intervention in the control group, at each stage, the mean score did not change significantly 7.07 (3.51), but in the intervention group the mean anxiety score decreased 5.75(6.62). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.25). However, it was significant with the time group Generalized Estimating Equation test (P=0.001). This suggests that intervention has a facilitating role in reducing anxiety. Conclusion: Using information support is effective in reducing anxiety in family of patient of cardiac care unit.}, Keywords = {Information Support, Anxiety, Family, Cardiac Care Unit}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {25-19}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-477-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-477-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mahdiyoun, seyyed ali and eghbali, mohammad and Hamidi, Majid and Mohammadi, Younes and Babamiri, Mohamm}, title = {Investigating the Psychological Health Status of the Immediate Family Members of Patients with Brain Death and Organ Donators in Hamadan Province}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Sudden and unexpected death on one hand, and the crucial decision over organ donation on the other hand, can severely affect the mental health status of the family members of brain death patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological health status of the family members of the patients with brain death and organ donators. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the target population included all immediate family members of the patients with brain death who had agreed on organ donation. For this purpose, 50 individuals were selected as the sample of the study based on available sampling method. The instruments used in this study were the Mental Health Questionnaire, Beck Depression and Anxiety Questionnaire and Grief Experience Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the level of grief and anxiety of the participants was moderate (52% and 38%, respectively). Most of the participants (50%) experienced moderate depression. In terms of general health, half of the subjects were reported to have poor or very poor health indices. The findings also showed that there is a positively significant relationship between the scores of grief and anxiety and depression (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that people who have given consent to organ donation are not in good psychological conditions. Therefore, it is recommended that the psychology team provide psychological programs to those family members in order to improve their psychological conditions. }, Keywords = {Keywords: Brain Death, Organ Donation, Mental Health, Immediate Family Member}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {34-26}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-481-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-481-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Babatabar-darzi, Hossein and Babajani-Vafsi,, Saeed and Mahmoudi, Hossein and Ebadi, Aabbas and Vahedian-azimi, Amir and Karimi, Leil}, title = {The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage on Patient\'s Anxiety during Chest Tube Removal after open Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial}, abstract ={Background and aim: Chest tube removal is one of the most anxious events in Intensive Care Unit patients. Reflexology foot massage is considered to be one of the non-pharmacological approaches that has been the focus of researchers in patients undergoing open heart surgery due to the reduction of complications and costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of foot reflexology massage on patients' anxiety during chest tube removal after open heart surgery. Methods: This double-blind, three-group, randomized, controlled, clinical trial study was conducted in Baqiyatallah and Jamaran hospitals in Tehran, Iran in 2013-2014. Eighty-eight patients were selected by convenience sampling method prior to chest tube removing and were randomly allocated in six-blocks into three groups: intervention (10 minutes center and anterior one-third reflective massage of foot (n=29), placebo (one-third posterior surface contact of patient's left foot (n=30), and control (routine care (n=29). Before intervention, the Spielberger anxiety test was completed in all three groups. This test was again immediately recorded after removing the chest tube. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Based on the results of this study, the mean difference of quantitative variables including age, height, weight and body surface, and qualitative demographic variables including educational status, occupation, and marital status were not significantly different between the three groups before intervention (P>0.05), indicating that the samples were homogeneous before the intervention.  Paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups so that the level of situational stress decreased post-removing the tube in the intervention group (P<0.003) but significantly increased in the placebo and control groups (P=0.025, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: According to findings it can be stated that foot reflexology massage significantly reduces anxiety in patients undergoing chest tube removal after open heart surgery and as a result is a useful nursing intervention in patients undergoing chest tube removing procedure after open heart surgery. Actually, with minimum costs and no side effects this technique can improve the level of care for these patients in the critical phase of recovery after open heart surgery.}, Keywords = {Foot Reflexology Massage, Anxiety, Open Heart Surgery, Chest Tube, Clinical trial}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {45-35}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-484-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-484-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Haririan, Hamidreza and Soleimani, َAmin and Hassankhani, Hadi}, title = {The Relationship between Work Experience and Self-confidence of Emergency Nurses with Family Presence during Resuscitation}, abstract ={Abstract Background and aim: In hospitals, it is usually practice with patients presenting in cardiac arrest for family members to be taken outside of the resuscitation room; And family members are informed about the patient’s situation periodically by a team member. One of the issues discussed in many countries, including Iran, is the presence of family during resuscitation, which is not seriously implemented in Iran. Nurses' self-confidence is considered to be one of the effective factors in accepting and implementing this process by nurses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the work experience of emergency nurses and their confidence during the family presence of patients while resuscitation. Methods: This study was carried out in 7 teaching hospitals of Tabriz during three months (June to August 2019). For this purpose, 140 nurses were selected through stratified random sampling method. Nurses' demographic and self-confidence questionnaires about family presence during resuscitation were used. Results: The mean score of the participants’ age was 30.87±7.05. The majority of nurses was female and had a bachelorette degree in nursing. About half of the nurses (46.42%) had less than 5 years of work experience.  However, the mean confidence scores of nurses were 52.91±12.69 which was in a moderate level. Nurses with more work experience, had higher levels of self-confidence. This is while nurses with less than 5 years of work experience  had less self -confidence than nurses with 11-20 years (P = 0.025 and F =3.200) of work experience. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study it can be stated that nurses who have higher levels of self-confidence are more prepared for family presence during resuscitation. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing and hospital managers engage highly experienced and confident nurses in the emergency departments in order to provide family centered care more effectively.}, Keywords = {Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Family Presence during Resuscitation, Self-confidence, Nurses, Work Experience}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {53-46}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-474-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-474-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Seyede Roghayeh and ValizadeHasanloei, Mohammad Amin and Mousavi, Seyed Mortaza and HaghighiMoghadam, Yusef}, title = {Communication Experiences of Mechanically Ventilated Conscious Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Phenomenological Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Patients undergoing mechanical ventilation have verbal communication deficits due to endotracheal intubation. As there is s trend towards light sedation patterns nowadays, communicating is considered to be one of the major challenges for these mechanically ventilated patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the communication experiences of mechanically ventilated conscious patients in the intensive care units. Material and methods: In this study, the phenomenological method was used to explain the experiences of conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation communication in the intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. For data collection, 10 participants who had at least 24 hours of mechanical ventilation consciousness in the intensive care unit were interviewed over a 6-month period in 2019-2018. The researchers used the Colaizzi method to analyze the data and in order to facilitate the classification of the primary codes, the MAXQDA version 10 software was used. Finding: From the primary codes, the two main themes of "psychological suffering" and "resilience" were formed. The main themes of psychological suffering included the sub-themes of "fear of deprivation" and "being ignored by others" and the main theme of resilience included the sub-themes of "understanding the role of care providers and family" and also the "use appropriate alternatives". Conclusion: Mechanically ventilated conscious patients are in an effort to increase communication, and when health providers continue to communicate with these patients, a sense of hope, increased levels of self-esteem and controlling conditions is developed in patients.}, Keywords = {Experiences, Communication, Mechanically Ventilated, Intensive Care Unit, Phenomenological Study}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {63-54}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)}, url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-488-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-488-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing}, issn = {2008-336X}, eissn = {2008-3084}, year = {2020} }