@article{ 
author = {Tavakolizadeh, Reza and Abdolmohamadian, Sevil},  
title = {Preparation of Intravenous Insulin Solution in the Treatment of Diabetic Children}, 
abstract ={Dear Editor Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the most common form of diabetes in children and adolescents. Many of these patients are diagnosed with a condition called Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), which has a mortality rate of approximately 1%. In children, DKA is typically characterized by reduced levels of consciousness, deep and rapid breathing, blood acidification, high blood glucose levels, and severe dehydration. Due to these critical conditions, treatment is preferably conducted in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), or, when necessary, in Emergency Rooms (ER). A key treatment for (DKA) is the administration of intravenous insulin. Since the method of preparing and administering intravenous insulin in children is somewhat different from that in adults, it is crucial to be well-versed in the standard principles of preparing intravenous insulin solutions in children, and to ensure clear communication between physician orders and nursing actions for successful treatment. This article aims to explain the method of insulin preparation for treating children, as well as some important and practical aspects of the process.},  
Keywords = {Keywords: Diabetes, Ketoacidosis, Insulin.},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1-4}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.1},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-803-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-803-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rashti, Babak and -	Asgharzadeh, Ali and Teimourpour, Amir and Jadid-Milani, Maryam},  
title = {The Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Predicting the Job Performance of Nurses in Intensive Care Units of Selected Hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2024: A Cross- Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Nursing in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is one of the most important and sensitive professional area in the health system. Nurses' job performance is effective and ensures the quality of health services in performing activities and responsibilities related to direct patient care. Spiritual intelligence is among the important issues that is of great importance in the performance of nurses in ICUs. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the role of spiritual intelligence in predicting the job performance of nurses in ICUs of selected hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2024. Methods: The present study was carried out by using a cross-sectional method on 259 nurses working in ICUs in 2024.In this research, a multi-stage sampling method was used. As available, four hospitals (Imam Reza (AS), Sinai, Shahid Madani and Razi) that had special care units were selected. According to the number of nurses in special care units, the share of each hospital was determined in proportion to the eligible people to enter the study. Within each center, sampling of special care nurses was done as available. Data collection tools included Abdullahzadeh's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, and Paterson's Job Performance Questionnaire. Results: The findings revealed that the spiritual intelligence level of the majority of nurses (45.6%) was high with a mean 119.96 ± 15.068. The majority of nurses (93.8%) had strong job performance with a mean 37.54 ± 7.579. There was a significant and direct mean relationship between spiritual intelligence and job performance (r = 0.373, P>0.001). The regression model for predicting job performance was significant by spiritual intelligence (P>0.001) and 15% of the variance in job performance was explained by spiritual intelligence. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used to provide practical strategies to improve the level of awareness of policymakers, officials and nurses in order to improve the level of spiritual intelligence and their effects on the level of job performance of nurses in ICUs.},  
Keywords = {Spiritual Intelligence, Job Performance, Intensive Care Unit.},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {5-14}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.5},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-775-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-775-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rahmani, Ali and abadinia, ehsan and sagahfi, abdollah and Jafari-Oori, Mehdi and Mahmoudi, Hosein and Shojafard, Javad and Abbaszadeh, Nasim},  
title = {Essential Preparedness Measures for Healthcare Centers in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Crises: A Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Wars have always posed a significant threat to human societies. With the advancement of technology, more complex conflicts, including Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNe) incidents have emerged, causing irreparable harm to public health and the environment. This study investigates the preparedness of hospitals and healthcare centers to respond to such incidents, aiming to identify measures for improvement. Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and ProQuest to identify articles related to hospital preparedness for CBRNe incidents. Articles published between January 2010 and December 2023 were reviewed. The inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing hospital preparedness for responding to CBRNe incidents, while articles centered on prehospital preparedness or unrelated events were excluded. Study selection followed the systematic review steps proposed by Tawfik et al. for disaster research. Additionally, the PICO framework was employed to formulate research questions regarding the target population, interventions, and outcomes. Results: The findings of this study revealed that hospital preparedness for CBRNe incidents depends on three main domains: equipment and infrastructure, personnel training, and management and protocols. Key factors for improving critical response include ensuring the availability of appropriate equipment, providing specialized training and regular drills, and developing updated protocols. These results align with previous studies, underscoring the importance of continuous advancements in these areas. Conclusion: The results of this research highlight the need to enhance hospital preparedness for CBRNe incidents, particularly in terms of improving protective equipment, staff training, and managerial protocol development. Continuous education and operational drills can play a crucial role in improving skills and reducing casualties in crisis situations. Considering the importance of health system preparedness in addressing these incidents, future studies are recommended to comprehensively assess prehospital preparedness as well.},  
Keywords = {Hospital Preparedness, Emergency Preparedness, Disasters, CBRNe Incidents, Systematic Review.},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {15-26}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.15},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-785-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-785-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bigdeli, Kimia and Valiee, Sina and ZandKarimi, Eghbal and Vatandost, Salam},  
title = {Investigating Nurses\' Vigilance in Caring for Patients in Intensive Care Units in Educational Hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Nursing in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) requires constant vigilance, close monitoring, and rapid interventions in order to provide appropriate care and intervention by collecting complete and timely information from the patient and to prevent preventable negative outcomes. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the vigilance of nurses in caring for patients in ICUs. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical type that was conducted with a cross-sectional method with the participation of 203 ICU nurses who were selected by census method. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Nurses' Vigilance Standard (NVS) questionnaire with a five-choice Likert response and a total score range of 40-200. Results: The mean total vigilance score of ICU nurses was 147.91 ± 15.73. Nurses' alertness was statistically significantly different based on gender, age group, work experience, average working hours per month, shift type, interest in nursing profession, history of written warning from the medical center, and history of reprimand from the medical center (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nurses vigilance was higher than the expected average. However, implementing effective corrective measures to improve nurses' alertness in patient care is essential to provide better quality care to patients and prevent complications.  },  
Keywords = {Nurse, Nursing Vigilance, Intensive Care Unit, Care},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {27-36}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.27},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-799-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-799-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bahmaniar, Sadaf and Amirfakhraie, Azita and mohamadisoliemani, mohammadreza and Zarei, Eghbal},  
title = {The Development and Validation of a Job Burnout Questionnaire for Iranian Nurses: A Case Study of Nurses Working in Hormozgan Province}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Evaluating burnout among nurses is critical as a preventive strategy for enhancing mental health and improving their quality of life. Given the intense work pressures during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a perceived need for a specialized instrument to assess nurses’ burnout. This study aimed to design and validate a new questionnaire for evaluating burnout among nurses working in Hormozgan province. Methods: This research employed a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. The statistical population included nurses working in Hormozgan Province in 2022. Initially, the preliminary questionnaire items were developed through interviews. Subsequently, 590 nurses were randomly selected. Among them, 100 participated in concurrent validity analysis, 290 in exploratory factor analysis, 150 in confirmatory factor analysis, and 40 in reliability testing. The tools used in this study included a researcher-developed burnout questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The validity of the instrument was assessed through face validity, content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent validity. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest methods. Results: The designed questionnaire demonstrated acceptable results in evaluating face validity (both qualitative and quantitative), although two items were revised. Content validity was also confirmed, with modifications made to certain items. Exploratory factor analysis identified five main factors explaining 74.23% of the total variance, and the structure of the questionnaire was confirmed with 29 items. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the five-factor model with indices of χ²/df=2.30, GFI=0.91, CFI=0.91, IFI=0.91, NFI=0.87, AGFI=0.87, PNFI=0.79, and RMSEA=0.93. Convergent validity analysis showed a strong correlation (r=0.71). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.93 for the entire questionnaire and over 0.80 for subscales. Test-retest reliability with a correlation coefficient of 0.91 further confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire (P<0.01). Conclusion: The newly designed burnout questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing burnout among nurses in Hormozgan province, and it can serve as a scientific and practical instrument in both research and clinical settings.},  
Keywords = {Burnout, Nurses, Psychometrics, Questionnaire, Factor Analysis},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {37-48}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.37},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-789-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-789-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gholampour, Mohammad Hashem and Hajihosseini, Fatemeh and Nazari, Roghieh and Sharif-Nia, Hami},  
title = {Investigating the Relationship Between Physician and Nurse in Predicting Missed Nursing Care in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: 
A Cross- Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Delayed or Missed nursing care can be associated with serious complications, mortality, and dissatisfaction among patients, family members, and managers. The nurse-physician relationship plays an important role in managing missed nursing care. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the physician and nurse in predicting missed nursing care in intensive care unit nurses. Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted using census sampling in 2024 on 180 nurses working in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of public hospitals in a city in northern Iran. The research tool was a two-part questionnaire including, the MISSCARE survey for missed nursing care, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and demographic characteristics form. The dimensions of the PES-NWI included nurse participation in hospital affairs, nursing foundations for quality of care, nurse manager ability, leadership, and support of nurses, staffing and resource adequacy, and nurse-physician relationships. The validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed in previous studies in Iran, and their reliability was also acceptable. Data were analyzed using multiple and simple linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 180 nurses working in intensive care units with a mean age of 32.99 ± 7.37 years, most of whom were women and had bachelor's degrees, participated in the study. Adjusted regression analysis showed that, considering the remaining variables in the model, the variables "nursing foundations for quality of care" (B = -0.955, P = 0.019) and "Collegial nurse-physician relations" (B = 3.740, P<0.001) explained 19.3% of the missed nursing care among intensive care unit nurses. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a good professional relationship between a doctor and a nurse can increase the incidence of missed nursing care. The findings suggest that healthcare management and policy should focus on the professional relationship between a doctor and a nurse, improving work environments to reduce missed nursing care, and improving patient outcomes. Further study is needed to explore possible causes.},  
Keywords = {Missed Nursing Care, Relationship, Physician, Nurse, Intensive Care Unit.},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {49-58}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.49},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-786-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-786-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ostovar, Ayoub and Vatandost, Salam and Aghaei, Abbas and Salehi, Kamal},  
title = {The Second Victim Experiences and its Relation to the Safety Culture Among Nurses in Critical Care Units: A Cross-Sectional Study}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Considering the consequences of the second victim experience for nurses, further understanding of this phenomenon and identifying its related factors are essential to develop appropriate strategies for mitigating its negative effects. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the second victim experience among nurses and patient safety culture in the Critical Care Units (CCUs). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 250 nurses were recruited via census sampling based on inclusion criteria: willingness to participate, a minimum Bachelor’s degree in nursing, at least one year of ICU work experience, and a history of medical errors in the past year. Data were collected using a demographic form, the "Patient Safety Culture" questionnaire, and the "Second Victim Experience and Support" questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: The mean score of the second victim experience was 108.16 ± 14.30, indicating a moderate level. Among the dimensions of the second victim experience, "desired supportive measures" and "family support" scored highest (3.48/5 and 3.42/5, respectively), while "colleague support" and "physical strain" scored lowest (2.64/5). The overall patient safety culture score was moderate, with 36.72% reporting high, 30.05% moderate, and 33.21% low safety culture. Linear regression revealed a significant positive correlation between the second victim experience and patient safety culture (r = 0.434, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Enhancing safety culture may reduce the negative impacts of the second victim experience. Therefore, prioritizing safety culture in organizational planning, fostering a non-punitive safety culture, and improving nurses’ work environments could mitigate the second victim phenomenon.},  
Keywords = {Second Victim Experience, Safety Culture, Critical Care Units, Nurses},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {59-67}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.59},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-779-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-779-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Safarabadi, Mohsen and Heydari, Mohammad Reza and Haghani, Shim},  
title = {Effects of Early Showering after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery on Pain and Patient Comfort: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: Showering after coronary artery transplant surgery is a procedure that the way and time of doing it is one of the problems of patients.  Taking a shower or bathing early causes the patient to move early, which prevents deep vein thrombosis, and on the other hand, encourages the patient to take deep breaths, which can prevent chest infection. This study aims to reveal the effects of early showering after coronary artery bypass surgery on pain and patient comfort. Methods: This research is a randomized clinical trial study in which 88 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and were hospitalized in the special care department of Valiasr Hospital were divided into two control and experimental groups using a block randomization method. Three patients from the intervention group due to tamponade, radial artery thrombosis and delirium and three from the control group (two patients due to prolongation of chest tube removal time more than 72 hours and one patient because of death due to heart failure and cardiorespiratory arrest) were excluded from the study. As the patients in the control group did not take a shower until they were in the hospital, but their showering time was at home on the day of discharge and on a daily basis. According to the protocol, the test group took a shower once a day from 48 to 72 hours after the operation, and the bathing process and evaluations continued daily until discharge. At the time of discharge, the patients were asked to continue bathing daily and on the 14th day after the operation (one week after the discharge), they were asked to visit their surgeon at the clinic for follow-up wound examination, adjustment of medications and continuation of treatment. The first evaluation of pain and comfort was done 48 to 72 hours after the operation and then daily 30 minutes after showering by the researcher. Pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: There was a significant relationship between early showering and the level of pain and comfort of the patients. Pain was lower in all evaluations in the intervention group than in the control group. Comfort was higher in all evaluations in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: Early showering after coronary artery bypass surgery has a direct effect on patient pain and comfort. The results showed that early showering after coronary artery bypass surgery reduces pain and increases patient comfort.},  
Keywords = {Coronary Artery Bypass, Pain, Patient Comfort, Taking an Early Shower},
volume = {17},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {68-77}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},

doi = {10.30491/JCC.17.3.68},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-777-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-777-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2025}  
}