@article{ 
author = {Zareipour, Moradali and Jadgal, Mohammad Saeed and AhmadiAghziyarat, Najaf},  
title = {Telehomecare for Chemical Veterans in the COVID-19 Pandemic}, 
abstract ={Letter to the Editor The Importance of Telehomecare in the Covid-19 Epidemic The corona virus is spreading rapidly around the world these days and many countries have been infected with this virus. Corona is actually a vast family of viruses that cause respiratory infections from a simple cold to the SARS-CoV2 epidemic that broke out in 2019. The Covid-19, the newest member of this family, known as Corona in Iran, is expanding rapidly [1-2]. The spread of this disease has affected the health and medical care system and is rapidly moving health care to new ways of providing services. There is no doubt that the current global crisis of Covid-19, due to the high prevalence of the Corona virus disease and the limitations of face-to-face visits, is now more than ever applied to digital methods (Computers, Multimedia Computer Networks, Internet, Telephone ...) optimizing health care. Telehomecare (THC) is now an effective way to provide medical care as well as distance education and is used in a variety of methods such as THC [3]. THC is a subset of telemedicine. This includes providing health care to patients at home through the use of telecommunication technologies, which enable the interaction of audio, video and health-related data. THC includes a wide range of health care through education, emotional and social support, dissemination of information and self-care assistance and suggestions [4]. The implementation of THC helps to better manage patients with chronic diseases such as heart disease, COPD, diabetes, etc. and reduces the number of people referring to primary health care services. THC increases access to health care, especially as the need for homecare increases with age [5]. In addition, THC can help build service networks between hospitals and primary care providers, giving patients better access to services. In addition to improving the management of chronic conditions and increasing access to health care, THC believes that it reduces health care costs [6].   Chemical Veterans and Care Challenges in the covid-19 Epidemic Chemical warfare victims are more at risk of contracting and dying from Covid-19 because under normal circumstances, they are struggling with pain and suffering from the diseases left from the eight-year war. This virus has made them even more short of breath. In particular, chemical warfare veterans suffer from acute problems due to respiratory and pulmonary problems with the smallest disease related to the respiratory system. This means paying attention and care to this group in the Covid-19 epidemic should be considered as a priority [7].   The health and longevity of chemical warfare victims are under serious threat due to the following reasons: Respiratory problems in different groups of chemical warfare victims. Progressive nature of lesions caused by some chemical agents. Side effect of drugs used in the treatment of long-term chemical lesions. The effect of complications due to other injuries associated with complications related to chemical agents. Complications due to aging or related anxiety to war casualties. Occurrence of long-term factors caused by chemical agents of war [7]. Among the mentioned cases, the highest frequency is related to respiratory complaints among chemical warfare victims who are at risk of respiratory attacks at any time, which leaves many worries for the family. These war wounded are prone to lung failure and respiratory problems due to lung infections, so that now, years after the imposed war, they are suffering from a high degree of martyrdom due to these complications [8]. Careful and adequate care of patients at home or in nursing homes can help ease and improve them. Not being exposed to polluted air and using oxygen and humid air is effective in improving their quality of life. On the other hand, chemical warfare veterans, have more respiratory problems and lung involvement as soon as they receive any virus [7]. Chemical warfare victims have actually lost a part of their lungs and are prone to any respiratory and lung diseases and many of these people have immune deficiencies in their body system and suffer from a variety of diseases, especially respiratory, which must be prevented under special conditions and special preventive regulations [9]. Therefore, it seems that due to the fact that the coronavirus infects the lungs and the risk of transmitting the disease during the visit, and due to the overcrowding in the comprehensive health service centers, THC is essential in the Covid-19 era in this group. Chumbler et al. studied the effect of providing home medical services on veterans with diabetes for two years, and the results of this study showed that patients were more satisfied due to fewer visits to medical centers and incur lower treatment costs [10]. Thus, THC provides the opportunity to move many health care services from hospitals and other health care centers to patients' homes, thereby reducing the burden on the health care system and keeping the hospital in critical condition. Veterans' homecare approach promotes disease management more effectively. It also estimates the health needs of chemical warfare victims using Telehealth technologies at home to maintain their disease management ability [11].   Applications of THC among Chemical Veterans Some of the applications of THC for chemical warfare victims that the authors suggest are: telemedicine, distance consultation, e-learning, distance prevention, distance monitoring, distance diagnosis, distance rehabilitation, distance respiratory disease treatment, distance ultrasound imaging, distance pathology, and distance cognitive disorder treatment. The benefits of THC for chemical warfare victims include: facilitating the sharing and transfer of information and thus quick access to medical information, the possibility of information integration, reducing travel time for veterans, reducing costs, distance care, distance counseling, benefiting from the opinions of more specialists and physicians and increasing interaction and exchange of opinions and recommendations between them, providing distance education opportunities, distance radiology and pathology, diagnosis of mental, heart, skin and distance surgery is a good example of the importance of THC.   Conclusion THC can provide services to veterans at home, regardless of time and place. Veterans, who have special conditions, including chemical warfare victims with respiratory problems and chronic illness, can receive medical advice without going to a health center, thus reducing health care costs and veterans' time is saved. The length of hospital stay decreases with the use of this technology and the independence of veterans and self-management in veterans increases. THC provides an opportunity to continue and improve the education process. Finally, THC will reduce the risk of the Covid-19 disease in chemical warfare victims.},  
Keywords = {Letter to editor},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-5}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-534-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-534-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Keyvanlou, Fatemeh and Saeid, Yaser and Vafadar, Zohreh},  
title = {The Effect of the Role of Intensive Care Units\' Liaison Nurse on Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: In recent years, the role of liaison nurse in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) has been considered to develop inter-professional collaboration along with continued advanced care during the transfer of critically ill patients from ICUs to general wards. In this regard, a systematic review study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the role of the nurse liaison of ICUs on improving the outcomes of patients. Methods: This systematic review study was conducted in 2020 by searching international scientific databases that had full coverage of nursing texts including Scopus, Pub Med, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar as well as internal scientific databases including SID and Magiran. Searching was performed by the keywords "Nurse" "Intensive Care Unit" and "Patient Outcomes" between 2005 and November 2020. The articles were critically evaluated using the Jadad tool and out of a total of 335 initially retrieved articles, 13 selected articles entered the final review stage. Results: The findings of 13 final articles showed that liaison nurses in ICUs have a positive effect on patient outcomes including: increasing satisfaction, reducing relocation anxiety, reducing the duration of hospitalization and readmission, reducing the incidence of side effects, and accelerating the recovery of patients. This is while they had no effect on improving the level of consciousness, laboratory parameters and some hemodynamic indicators. Conclusion: Although the evidence of the present review shows a positive effect of this role on the outcomes of patients, but in some studies, these effects have not been statistically significant. To confirm the effectiveness of the role of nurse liaison in ICUs, studies with different quantitative and qualitative research approaches and larger sample sizes and different research environments are needed.},  
Keywords = {Liaison Nurse, Intensive Care Unit, Patient Outcomes},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {6-15}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-539-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-539-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rezaei, Golestaneh and Salmani, Fatemeh and Azarbarzin, Mehr},  
title = {The Effect of Family-Centered Care on Physiological Parameters of Brain Injury Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Units}, 
abstract ={Background & Aim: Despite the negative opinions of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) staff about the presence of the family next to the patient, many studies have shown that family-centered care can be effective in meeting this need as well as the comfort and physiological parameters of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered care on the physiological parameters of brain injury patients admitted to ICUs in the selected hospitals in Isfahan, in 2020. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 30 brain injury patients who had referred to the selected hospitals in Isfahan in 2020 were included in the study using available sampling and were assigned to two groups of 15 intervention and control by random assignment of permutation. In the intervention group, the patients' first-degree families were present beside the patient for three days and twice a day at 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM and performed a family-centered care program. The control group received routine ward care. Physiological parameters were recorded and measured 15 minutes before, during and after care. Results: The findings showed that the mean of physiological parameters such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and arterial blood oxygen saturation in the intervention group was significantly different compared to the control group (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the physiological parameters such as the diastolic blood pressure of the intervention group (P >0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that family-centered care causes significant changes in the physiological parameters of patients which eventually leads to relaxation in patients. Therefore, it should be possible for the closest family members to be present beside their patients in an appropriate time with adequate training in regards to family-centered care.},  
Keywords = {Physiological Parameters, Family-Centered Care, Intensive Care Unit, Brain Injury},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {16-28}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-558-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-558-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HaghighiMoghadam, Yusef and ValizadehHasanloui, Mohammad ami},  
title = {Comparative study on the Predictive Power of some Respiratory and Physiological Criteria in the Consequences of Weaning from Ventilator}, 
abstract ={Background & aim: weaning of ventilator-dependent patients has always been associated with serious and risky challenges. Some measurable categories exist that predict the consequences of weaning. Due to the multiplicity of these categories, the researchers of this study decided to conduct a study to identify the most important categories in the patient's readiness for weaning from the ventilator and its consequences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 96 ventilator-dependent patients were included randomly. Patient`s respiratory criteria and physiological parameters were measured in three time intervals. Patients were divided in two, successful and unsuccessful of weaning groups. By following each of the respiratory and physiological criteria and using regression test statistics and plotting the rock curve, the power of each of the above criteria in predicting the weaning consequences were plotted. Results: The Odds Ratio (OR) for failure in weaning increases with increasing Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI) at all three time intervalss. Also, the results showed that the criteria of RSBI before taking out the endotracheal tube with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 88% and a surface below the curve of 0.82 in comparison with other criterions had the greatest effect in predicting failure in weaning. Conclusion: Among the clinical criteria available to assess the probability of failure in the weaning, compared to other criteria, RSBI has a better sensitivity and specificity.},  
Keywords = {Consequences of Weaning Ventilator, Critical Care Nursing, Respiratory and Physiological Criteria},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {29-37}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-541-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-541-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Fatemeh and Hanifi, Nasrin and Bahraminegad, Nasri},  
title = {Investigating the Relationship between Nurses\' Mental Workload and the Quality of Care Services in Intensive Care Unit}, 
abstract ={Background & Aim: Mental workload of nurses increases their fatigue, and result in adverse consequences for patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nurses' mental workload and the quality of care services in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted in 2019 in Zanjan. In this study, NASA-TLX tool with a score of zero to 100 was used to assess the mental workload of nurses. For this purpose, the mental workload of 38 ICU nurses was assessed 138 times. In addition, the quality of care was observed in 300 patients using a researcher-made checklist.    Results: the mean mental workload of nurses was 81.53±0.987. The average score of care quality out of 100 scores was 70.28±11.06. Among the mean scores of care dimensions, the emergency measures was lower than other dimensions along with poor performance level. In other cases, patient care scores were above 50, indicating good or excellent quality of care. There was no statistically significant relationship between nurses' mental workload and their quality of care. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mental workload of ICU nurses was high. The quality of nursing care seems to be poorly related to the nurses’ mental workload. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the reasons for decrease in quality of care with qualitative studies.},  
Keywords = {Workload, Nurses, NASA, Quality of Health Care, Critical Care},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {38-47}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-559-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-559-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ChoobiAnzali, Babak and Paryab, Sahar and garkaz, omid and Faramarzi, Negar and Mehryar, hamidrez},  
title = {Relationship between the Time Interval between the Onset of Stroke Symptoms and Referral to the Emergency Department with Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Cerebrovascular Accidents}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Early referral after stroke and the use of modern intravenous therapies and blood pressure control accelerates the improvement of post-stroke symptoms. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between the time interval between the onset of stroke symptoms and referral to the emergency department with demographic characteristics of patients with cerebrovascular accidents referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in the first half of 2018. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 296 patients who had referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in the first half of 2018 by census method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire. Results: In this study, the mean age of patients was 68.87±14.75 years, of which 153 (51.7%) were male and 143 (48.3%) were female. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the emergency room was 36.21±4.04 hours, the mean time required to reach the emergency room was 35.98± 2.48 minutes and the mean distance to the time of arrival to the emergency room was 41.11±3.95 km. In this study, 291 patients (98.3%) had ischemic stroke and five patients (1.7%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Distance, level of education of both the patient and the patients' companions and the mode of transmission had a significant relationship with the delay in visiting the hospital emergency department. Conclusion: The results of the present study, showed that the time to refer to hospitals to treat patients after a stroke has a high average. Factors such as long distance to treatment centers, the way patients are transferred, the level of education which can actually indicate insufficient knowledge in clinical signs of stroke were involved in this affair.},  
Keywords = {Stroke, Emergency, Demographic profile},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {48-57}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-552-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-552-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Neda and Paryab, sahar and garkaz, omid and Razavi, Shiva and Mehryar, Hamid Rez},  
title = {Evaluating the Risk Factors for Managed Wounds in Trauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital 2018}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Wound management of trauma patients is one of the most important and common measures in the emergency departments. Following trauma, hemodynamic and metabolic changes occur in the body that are sometimes very complex and lead to many complications and deaths, even with great care. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for managed wounds in trauma patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on all trauma patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia from October 1, 2017 to March 20, 2018 by census. Data were collected using a checklist which included demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, wound characteristics and wound management of patients in terms of complications and recovery in the sixth month according to the Vancouver Oscar criteria. Results: Among the 350 studied patients, 86 (24.6%) were female and 264 (75.4%) were male and the mean age of patients was 37.3±11.1 years. The most common complications were infection (9%) and inflammation around the wound (5%). Smoking (P<0.05), diabetes (P = 0.03) and wound infection (P = 0.03) were associated with infection, Antibiotic prophylaxis (P=0.02) and keeping the wound clean were also associated with a reduced incidence of infection (P=0.01). The mean degree of wound was 6.4 ± 2.3 at the beginning of admission for patients and 3.1±1.6 after six months. Statistical evaluations revealed that there was a significant decrease in the degree of wounds after six months (P=0.001). Conclusion: Diabetes and smoking are common risk factors for infection and reduced wound healing.},  
Keywords = {Wound, Emergency, Risk Factors, Trauma Patients},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {58-65}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)},
url = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-553-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jccnursing.com/article-1-553-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Critical Care Nursing},  
issn = {2008-336X}, 
eissn = {2008-3084}, 
year = {2021}  
}